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BRS > Neuro - Epilepsy > Flashcards

Neuro - Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of epilepsy?

A

Recurrent seizures due to abnormal neuronal excitability

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2
Q

What are the causes of epilepsy?

A

Traumatic brain injury
CNS infection
Brain tumours
Stroke

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3
Q

What are the other associated factors of epilepsy?

A

Alzheimer’s
Prenatal injuries
Family history

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4
Q

What are some of the clinical features of epilepsy

A

Abnormal taste, smell and touch sensations
Deja Vu
Jamais vu (familiar situation feels unfamiliar)
Abdominal sensations

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5
Q

What is a focal seizure?

A

Seizure that occurs in a localised part of the brain which leads to symptoms in one side of the body/ one specific body part.

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6
Q

How does a focal seizure differ from a general event?

A

General seizure will affect the whole body whereas a focal seizure will result in more localised, different symptoms

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7
Q

Where do most focal seizures typically occur?

A

Frontal lobe

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8
Q

What are the smyptoms of a focal seizure at the temporal lobe?

A

Memory loss
Speech production affected
Smacking lips
Picking at clothes

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9
Q

Why do seizures develop in the first place (ie what is their mechanism?)

A

Imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory input within regions of the brain (GABA and glutamate imbalance)

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10
Q

What is the target for Diazepam?

A

GABA-A receptor

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11
Q

What is the target for Lamotrigine?

A

VGSC

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12
Q

What is the target for Pregabaline?

A

VGCC

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13
Q

What is the target for Levetiracetam?

A

Synaptic vesicle protein SV2A (for glutamate)

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14
Q

What is the target for Tiagabine?

A

GABA reuptake transporter

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15
Q

What is the target for Vigabratin?

A

GABA transaminase

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Diazepam?

A

Increase activation of receptor to increase Cl- influx

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Lamotrigine?

A

Blocks VGSCs in excitatory (glutaminergic) neurones

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Pregabaline?

A

Blocks VGCCs in excitatory (glutaminergic) neurones

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Levetiracetam?

A

Interferes with SV2A to reduce vesicular fusion and thus exocyotsis of glutamate

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Tiagabine?

A

Inhibits reuptake transporter so GABA stays in synapse for longer and increases activation of GABA A receptor therefore more Cl- influx.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Vigabratin?

A

Blocks enzyme to cause GABA build up and therefore reduce the concentration gradient between the pre synaptic terminal and the synapse. This means there is a lower reuptake of GABA and thus it remains in synapse longer, causing more activation and Cl- influx.

BRS (16 decks)

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