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UWorld > neuro drugs > Flashcards

neuro drugs Flashcards

1
Q

opioid analgesics MOA

A 
mu agonists (open K, close Ca) to decrease transmission
- inhibit release of ACh, NE, 5-HT, substance P, glutamate
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2
Q

opioid analgesics ADR

A

addiction, respiratory depression, miosis, additive CNS depression with other drugs
- tx with naloxone

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3
Q

butorphanol

A

MOA: partial mu agonist, produces analgesia
USES: extreme pain (migraine, labor, etc.)
ADR: less respiratory depression than full agonist, overdose not easily reversed with naloxone

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4
Q

tramadol

A

MOA: weak opioid agonist, works on lots of NTs (“tram it all”)
USE: chronic pain
ADR: decrease sz threshold, serotonin sydrome

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5
Q

2 non opioids for neuropathic pain

A

duloxetine

gabapentin

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6
Q

ethosuximide

A

MOA: blocks T-type Ca channels
USE: absence
ADR: SJS

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7
Q

benzos for sz

A

MOA: increase freq Cl channel opening to increase GABA
USE: status elipticus

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8
Q

phenytoin

A

MOA: increase Na channel inactivation
USE: status elipticus, tonic-clonic
ADR: SJS

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9
Q

carbamazepine

A

MOA: Na channel inactivation
USE: partial/generalized sz
ADR: SJS, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, SIADH, teratogenesis (neural tube)

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10
Q

valproic acid

A

MOA: Na channel inactivation and increase GABA
USE: tonic clonic (also all others), bipolar
ADR: hepatotoxicity, contra in pregnancy (neural tube)

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11
Q

gabapentin

A

MOA: GABA analog, inhibits Ca channels
USE: partial/generalized sz, peripheral neuropathic pain

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12
Q

phenobarbital

A

MOA: increase GABA
USE: partial/generalized sz, great in neonates

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13
Q

topiramate

A

MOA: blocks Na channels, increase GABA
USE: partial/generalized sz, migraine prevention, EtOH and cocaine addiction
ADR: mental dulling

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14
Q

lamotrigine

A

MOA: blocks Na channels
USE: all sz
ADR: SJS

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15
Q

3 meds for absence sz

A

ethosuximide, valproic acid, lamotrigine

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16
Q

barbituates

A

“-barbital”
MOA: increase duration of Cl channel opening to decrease neuron firing and increase GABA
USE: sedative, anesthesia
ADR: resp/CV depression, CYP-450, dependence

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17
Q

benzos

A

MOA: increase freq of Cl channel opening to increase GABA
USE: anxiety, status epileptics, EtOH detox, anesthesia
ADR: additive CNS effects, dependence
- tx overdose with flumazenil

18
Q

insomnia agents

A

zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone, temazepam, trazodone

MOA: BZ1 GABA receptor

19
Q

anesthetics for maintenance

A

inhaled: halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, NO
ADR: malignant hyperthermia, hepatotoxicity (halothane), nephhrotoxicity (methoxyflurane), proconvulsant (enflurane)

20
Q

induction anesthetics

A

propofol, ketamine (PCP analog), thiopental (barbituate), benzos

21
Q

local anesthetics

A

lidocaine, procaine, bupivacaine, etc.

MOA: preferentially blocks activated Na channels

22
Q

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs

A

USE: mm. paralysis in surgery or ventilation

- succinylcholine: ACh agonist produces sustained depolarization and prevents contraction

23
Q

nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs

A

“-curium”

MOA: ACh competitive antagonist (reverse with neostigmine)

24
Q

Parkinson drugs

A

DA agonists: bromocriptine
increase DA: amantadine, L-DOPA/carbidopa
prevent breakdown: selegiline
curb excess cholinergic activity: benztropine

25
Q

Alzheimer drugs

A

memantine: NMDA antagonist

donepezil, rivastigmine: AChE inhibitors

26
Q

sumatriptan

A

MOA: 5-HT agonist (inhibits trigeminal nerve activation, prevents vasoactive peptide release, vasoconstriction)
USE: migrane, cluster
ADR: coronary vasospasm (contra in CAD, angina)

27
Q

ADHD drugs

A

CNS stimulants: amphetamine salts, methylphenidate, phentermine
MOA: increase NE and DA
USE: ADHD, appetite control, narcolepsy
ADR: growth restriction

28
Q

high potency antipsychotics

A

haloperidol, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine
MOA: block D2
USE: schizophrenia positive symptoms, tourettes
ADR: EPS symptoms

29
Q

low potency antipsychotics

A 
chlorpromazine, thioridazine
MOA: block D2
ADR: anticholinergic, antihistamine effects, sedation
- chlorpromazine: corneal deposits
- thioridazine: retinal deposits
30
Q

2 serious ADR of typical antipsychotics

A

tardive dyskinesia

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

31
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine
MOA: ?
USE: schizo (positive and negative symptoms), bipolar, OCD, tourettes
ADR: fewer than typicals
- clozapine: agranulocytosis

32
Q

lithium

A

MOA: ?
USE: mood stabilizer for bipolar, SIADH
ADR: HORNET

33
Q

buspirone

A

MOA: stimulates 5-HT receptors
USE: anxiety
PROS: less abuse potential, minimal hypnotic effects, doesn’t interact with alcohol

34
Q

SSRIs

A

fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram
USE: depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, bulemia, PTSD
ADR: serotonin syndrome, sexual dysfunction
- tx with cyproheptadine

35
Q

SNRI

A

venlafaxine, duloxetine

36
Q

TCAs

A

“-ipramine”, “-iptyline”
MOA: block repute of NE and 5-HT
ADR: convulsions, coma, cardiotoxicity (arrhythmias), resp depression, anticholinergic
- NaHCO3 for cardio toxicity

37
Q

wide QRS and overdose

A

TCA overdose

38
Q

MAOIs

A

PITS: phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, selegiline
USE: atypical depression
ADR: hypertensive crisis, contra with SSRI, TCA, St. John’s

39
Q

mood stabilizers

A

lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine

MOA: Na inhibition (anticonvulsant), GABA agonist (mood stabilizer)

40
Q

bupropion

A

MOA: NE, DA uptake inhibitor
USE: smoking, depression
ADR: sz in bulemia pts
PRO: no sexual side effects

41
Q

mirtazapine

A

MOA: alpha 2 antagonist (increase NE, 5-HT release)
USE: depression
ADR: weight gain, sedation

42
Q

trazodone

A

MOA: blocks 5-HT2 and alpha 1
USE: insomnia
ADR: priapism (“trazobone”)

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