embryology/fetal Flashcards
origin of anterior pituitary
Rathke’s pouch (surface ectoderm)
embryological event underlying tetralogy of fallot
abnormal neural crest cell migration (also occurs with transposition of great vessels and truncus arteriosus)
congenital torticollis
MOA: birth trauma or malposition of head in utero resulting in SCM injury and fibrosis
S/S: head tilts toward affected side (chin away), soft tissue mass in neck, occurs 2-4 wks of age
Tx: therapy and stretching exercises
neonatal tetanus
via unclean and infected umbilical stumps
- newborns protected via IgG from placenta if mom has immunity
burned sugar/caramel odor in diaper
maple syrup urine disease
uteric bud gives rise to…
collecting system of kidney (ureters, calyces, collecting duct, renal pelvis)
remnant of vitelline (omphalomesenteric) duct
Menkel’s diverticulum
small phallus, hypospadias, undescended testes at birth
5-alpha-reductase deficiency (DHT needed for development of male external genitalia)
prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects
elevated alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase (leaked CSF)
most common cause of fetal hydronephros
inadequate canalization of uteropelvic junction (kidney and ureter)
2 vitamins lacking in breast milk
D and K
caudal regression syndrome
due to maternal diabetes (poorly controlled)
- sacral agenesis causing lower extremity paralysis and urinary incontinence
- range from anal atresia to sirenomelia
vitamin to avoid if pregnant
vitamin A
- teratogenic (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
- pregnancy test needed if prescribing for acne
2 heart conditions causing cyanosis at birth
tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of great vessels (more severe)
AFP amniotic fluid/maternal serum
if decreased indicates trisomy
if increased dating error or neural tube defect
