Neuro anatomy Flashcards
Part of the nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord
CNS
Define Neuro Anatomy
Nerves transmit electrical impulses
Greater frequency equals greater stimulus
Timing of impulses determine coordination
Connects CNS to limbs and organs
PNS
Two subsystems of Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
From T1 to L3
maintains homeostasis
fight or flight response
Sympathetic nervous system
Responsible for regulations of internal organs and glands
sexual arousal salivation lacrimation(tears), urination, digestion, and defecation
Parasympathetic nervous system
Voluntary nervous system
control of body movements via muscles except reflex
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory neurons
Afferent
Motor neurons
Efferent
Surrounds whole nerve
Epineurium
Around a bundle of nerves
Perineurium
Around each neuron
Endoneurium
Virus transported along nerves the skin then to the dorsal ganglion where it becomes latent and resides for life
Herpes
Conducts impulse away from CNS to muscle
Efferent neuron
Conducts impulses originating in the sensory organs toward CNS
Afferent neuron
Also called Neurolemmocytes;develop myelin
Schwann cells
Developed from Schwann cells
fatty material surrounding the axon
insulation and speeds conduction
Myelin
Chronic demyelinating disease
prohibits normal conduction
affects more women than men
Multiple Sclerosis
When the neuron is polarized
Resting potential
When a stimulus reaches a resting neuron
Action potential
ion channels open to allow the potassium to move outside; the membrane restores electrical balance
Nerve transmission
Chemical regrouping stimulus will not arouse a response during this time
Refractory period
Permits a neuron to pass an electrical signal to another neuron(pre and post synaptic membrane)
The synapse
Injury to the cell body is likely to cause
death of a neuron
Reduction of neurons that make dopamine
Parkinsons Disease
Near body surface; recieves signals from outside the body
Exteroceptors
Cutaneous sensors that detect stimulus within the body
interoceptors
Receives impulses from viscera about internal environment
Visceroceptors
Receives impulses about relative body position;
Proprioceptors
Knowing where you are in space
Kinesthesia
Parallel to the muscle’s fibers. Sensitive to stretch which stimulates contractions
Muscle spindle
Opposite of muscle spindle; sensitive to tension; initiates inhibition of contraction
Golgi Tendon Organ
Located under skin and joint capsule; sensitive to pressure deformation, vibration
Pacinian Corpuscles
Fundamental unit of neuromuscular contraction
Motor Unit
