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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between dermoid and epidermoid?

A

Dermoid will often have fat and calcs, be midline. Epidermoid will look like arachnoid cysts except restrict diffusion

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2
Q

What is the most common expansile lesion of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Mucocele

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3
Q

What is the blood supply of the inferior temporal lobe?

A

posterior cerebral artery

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4
Q

Location of 1st branchial cleft cyst?

A

periauricular/ adjacent to parotid gland

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5
Q

Location of 2nd branchial cleft cyst?

A

pushes submandibular glad anteromedially, carotid space medially, and sternocleidomastoid muscle posterolaterally

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6
Q

Location of 3rd branchial cleft cyst?

A

rare, posterolateral to carotid space

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7
Q

Location of 4th branchial apparatus sinus tracts?

A

pyriform sinus to upper left thyroid lobe

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8
Q

Painful scoliosis in 10-30 yo patient- with expansile lytic lesion of the spine.

A

Osteoblastoma. Osteoid osteoma fits too if lesion is less than 1.5cm.

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9
Q

Chiari 2 malformations are associated with which spinal abnormality?

A

Open spinal dysraphisms (myelomeningoceles). Close dysraphisms do not cause chiari malformations (lipomyelomeningoceles etc).

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10
Q

What fractures comprise a LeForte type I?

A

“Floating palate”

horizontal maxillary fracture, separating the teeth from the upper face

fracture line passes through the alveolar ridge, lateral nose and inferior wall of maxillary sinus

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11
Q

What fractures comprise a LeForte type II?

A

“pyramidal fracture”

pyramidal fracture, with the teeth at the pyramid base, and nasofrontal suture at its apex

fracture arch passes through posterior alveolar ridge, lateral walls of maxillary sinuses, inferior orbital rim and nasal bones

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12
Q

What fractures comprise a LeForte type III?

A

“Floating face”

craniofacial dysjunction

fracture line passes through nasofrontal suture, maxillo-frontal suture, orbital wall, and zygomatic arch / zygomaticofrontal suture

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13
Q

What fractures comprise a zygomaticomaxillary fracture?

A

Anterior and posterolateral walls of the maxillary sinus, zygomatic arch, lateral orbital wall

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14
Q

What are the features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on MRI?

A

Asymmetric hypertorphy of the septal portion of the left ventricular wall. Delayed enhancement.

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15
Q

F-18 PET shows hypermetabolism where in Lewy body dz?

A

Occipital lobe.

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16
Q

What is the anatomic location difference between jugular foramen schwannoma and glomus jugulare?

A

Jug foramen schan -> superomedial

Glomus jugulare -> superolateral

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17
Q

Unilateral coronal or lamboid suture synostosis will cause what skull shape?

A

plagiocephaly.

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18
Q

Neuro tumor

young adult

lateral ventricle attached to cavum septi pellucidi

bubbly

minimal enhancement

A

central neurocytoma

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19
Q

inflammation of lateral rectus muscle

A

IOID= idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease

ddx: thyroid- prefers medial and inferior rectus m.

lymphoma will have inflammatory changes

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20
Q

What major structure passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningial artery.

This is the high heels “spine/spike”

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21
Q

What passes through the foramen lacerum? And where is it?

A

irregular opening in central skull base ant/inf to the apex of the petrous temporal bone.

emissary veins pass through it

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22
Q

Esthesioneuroblastoma… what?

A
  • involves both nasal cavity and ant cranial fossa
  • makes a figure 8 as it passes through the ant skull base
  • highly vascular/avid enhancement
  • bone destruction
  • cysts at the interface between intracranial tumor spread and the brain parenchyma=characteristic
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23
Q

What the H is the modiolus?

A

The modiolus is the central bony axis of cochlea that houses the spiral ganglion (cell bodies of cochlear nerve).

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24
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve exits through which foramen?

A

Pars nervosa of the jugular foramen.

25
Q

Which orbital muscles are affected by thyroid opthalmopathy?

A

“I’M SLO”

inferior

medial

superior

latereral

oblique

26
Q

Small, mult, bilat cystic lesions of the choroid plexus with restrictued diffusion?

A

Choroid plexus cysts aka choroid plexus xanthogranulomas

incidental or sometimes HAs

27
Q

Spine tumor

adult

vascular flow voids

T1 dark/iso and T2 bright

intense enhancement

A

spinal cord hemangioblastoma

28
Q

Hosoprosencephaly detected on fetal u/s is related to what genetic abnormality?

A

trisomy 13

(anterior monoventricle)

29
Q

MC neuro manifestation of HIV?

A

HIV enchaphalitis.

  • atrophy and bilateral T2 and FLAIR hyperintensity of periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale with no enhancement.
  • sparing of subcortical U-fibers distinguishes HIV encephalitis from PML
30
Q

Spine lesion

popcorn pattern of signal intensity within the cord

A

cavernous malformation

31
Q

Cerebral tumor

adult

well-defined

slow growing

cortical/subcortical frontal lobe

hyperintense on FLAIR, no restricted diff

can have calcs, cystic degeneration, hetero enhance

A

Oligodendroglioma

32
Q

Cerebral tumor

T1 hyperintense sellar/suprasellar mass with a T2 hypointense nodule

A

Rathke cleft cyst

33
Q

most common location for a paranasal sinus mucocele?

A

Frontal sinus

34
Q

Name epidemiological difference between ependymoma and subependymoma?

A

ependymoma is kiddos

subependymoma is older

35
Q

acute inflammation and demyelination of white matter typically following a recent (1-2 weeks prior) viral infection or vaccination.

Grey matter, especially that of the basal ganglia, is also often involved, albeit to a lesser extent, as is the spinal cord.

A

ADEM

acute disseminated encphalomyelitis

usually peds

36
Q

Perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal SAH

A

pons/midbrain SAH that usually has normal angiogram (source?)

37
Q

Blood on MRI

A

I Be: T1 Isointense, T2 Bright, hyperacute < 24 hrs

IdDy: T1 Isointense, T2 Dark, acute 1 to 3 days

BiDy:​ T1 Bright, T2 Dark, early subacute 2 to 7 days

BaBy: T1 Bright,T2 Bright, late subacute 7 to 14-28 day

Doo Doo:​ T1 Dark, T2 Dark, chronic > 14 to 28 days

38
Q

Evil looking level 6 node

A

Delphian node = laryngeal cancer met

39
Q

female with painful thyroid gland after URI

A

subacute thyroiditis/DeQuervains

40
Q

IgG4 assoc dz of thyroid where thyroid is replaced by fibrous tissue

A

Reidels Thryoiditis

U/S: decreased vascularity

MRI: dark on all sequences (fibroma)

41
Q

A kiddo has a 4th bachial cleft anomaly and develops thyroid infxn

A

Acute suppurative thyroiditis via pyriform fistula

42
Q

comet artifact in thyroid nodule

A

colloid

43
Q

hyperfunctioning nodule on iodine study

A

thyroid adenoma, will look like colloid nodule on U/S

44
Q

MC subtype of thyroid cancer?

A

papillary

good prognosis

responds well to I-131

microcalcs

45
Q

second MC thyroid cancer

A

follicular

mets, ok survival

responds to I-131

46
Q

Thyroid CA in patient with MEN II a and b

A

Medullary

local invasion

no response to I-131

47
Q

who gets anaplastic thyroid CA?

A

elderly, radiation treatment

does not repsond to I-131

48
Q

Variant of follicular thyroid CA?

A

Hurthle cell

elderly

worse at I-131 uptake

PET to follow

49
Q

What is a possible risk of I-131 tx in patient with pulm mets?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

50
Q

MC cause of hyperparathyroidism?

A

parathyroid adenoma

51
Q

They show you a SPECT with elevated NAA?

A

Canavans. Its a leukodystrophy.

Think caravans in the desert for salt (NAA??) mines

The other two:

Alexanders- big headed- Alex the great, frontal white whater

Metachromatic- tigroid

52
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

aggressive cellulitis in the floor of the mouth. there will be gas everywhere. usually from odontogenic infection

53
Q

causes of osteonecrosis of the madible

A

prior radiation, bisphosphonate treatment

54
Q

MC tumor of salivary glands?

A

pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor).

tx: surg, can become malignant

occur in all salivary glands

55
Q

which tumor occurs ONLY in parotid?

A

warthins

smoker, male, cystic, B 15%

can take up pertechnetat (unique)

56
Q

MC tumor of minor salivary glands?

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

57
Q

Which malignant tumor can be seen in parotid?

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

perineural spread

58
Q

Devics = ? (aka?)

A

neuromyelitis optica

59
Q

subacute combined degeneration = ? (aka)

A

B12 deficiency

symmetrically increased T2 signal in the doral columns

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