Neuro 3.1: Flashcards
Premotor area key things:
Contient:
Broca
coordinated hand movements
mouvements coordonné voluntaries des yeux
Difference of motor vs sensitive neurons?
La commande du cortex primaire moteur se communique par deux
neurones (et non trois comme dans le système sensitif)
Neurotransmitter of motor neurons
One glutamate for first synapse
Second acytylcholine for NMJ
What is réflexe d’étirement?
Si un muscle est étiré rapidement, il risque de se déchirer
* Le réflexe d’étirement protège les muscles en assurant un contraction musculaire rapide en réaction à une étirement
Bicep reflex
Name the nerve and the root supply
Biceps:
Nerve: Musculocutaneous
Root Supply: C5, C6
Knee reflex:
Name nerve and the root supply
Knee:
Nerve: Femoral
Root: L2, L3, L4
Tonus Hypertonique Hypotonique and
Localisation clinique de la faiblesse
Hypertonique
MNS -> the spine is in control with no inhibition
Hypotonique
MNI-> the neuron cannot act on the NMJ
Type de paralysie Flaccidité and
Localisation clinique de la faiblesse
Spasticité:
Same as hypertonique -> MNS
Flaccidité: MNI
Atrophie Sévère and damage
Atrophie: degeneration or shrinkage of muscle or nerve tissue
Severe:
MNI
Light:
MNS (there will still be stome trophic factor sent by the MNI and so the muscle will remain in tact)
MNS damage and type of reflex damage?
MNS -> increased reflexes
(spinal cord in control)
MNI-> decreased reflexes
True or False,
MNI damage leads to Fasciculations twitching.
TRUE
absent in MNS damage
Lesionel vs Sous-lesionel meaning
Lésionel: déficit au niveau de la lésion
C5 lesion, every affected inferior neuron coming out of C5
Sous-lésionel: déficit** sous le niveau de la lésion**
C5 lesion, every affected inferior neuron coming under C5
What are the lesional and sous-lesional results of a lesion cervical?
Lesional: if touched the diaphragm then death
Sous lesional: full paralysis of all limbs
What does a lesion in C5 lead to?
On top of the ful lparalysis, there might be problems connected to C5 nerves as well
What lesion is associated with Troubles sphinctériens et génitaux sévères
A lesion in T10 - L2
Also Déficit
sensitivomoteur des membres inférieurs
What is Syndrome: Brown-Séquard? What are effects of patient?
The lesioning of only ONE SIDE of the spinal cord
Lesional: loss of allllll perception
Let us assume that the cut only affects inferior members and it is on the left side of the patient.
Because the corticospinal tract does not duccusate until the pons, the patient will have total loss of proprioception, vibration touch on the LEFT side (side of the lesion)
However, the patient will still have pain, heat perception on the ipsilateral side
On the contrary, the patient will ahve affected pain and heat perception of the controlateral leg. This is due to the decussation of the leminiscal tract at the level of the spinal cord
What is Syndrome Médullaire Central?
It is a lesion in the center of the spinal cord
Normally the decussation of pain and temperature (spinothalamic) fibers occurs at the spinal cord (specifically in the center)
As such, there will be an impared sensation of pain and temperature
Because this is in the center, both sides will eb affected
What is Syndrome: Artères Spinales Antérieures
The posterior part of the spinal cord is preserved due to its own arterial supply but the anterior part is affected.
So here, anterior part is where the motor ganglion is
As such, one excpects a loss in motor function associated with MNI weakness.
However, proprioception, touch and vibration will be perserved. Sometimes temperature sensation can be affected
Sometimes patient might say they have loss all sensation and the radiologist might not see anything. However, check for proprioception! and vinration!!!! They will be able to!!!
What is Syndrome: Artères Spinales Postérieures ?
Troubles sensitifs profonds souslésionnels atteignant la proprioception,
la vibration, le toucher bilatéraux
