Neuro 3.1:

Question 1

Premotor area key things:

Answer 1

Contient:
Broca
coordinated hand movements
mouvements coordonné voluntaries des yeux

Question 2

Difference of motor vs sensitive neurons?

Answer 2

La commande du cortex primaire moteur se communique par deux
neurones (et non trois comme dans le système sensitif)

Question 3

Neurotransmitter of motor neurons

Answer 3

One glutamate for first synapse
Second acytylcholine for NMJ

Question 4

What is réflexe d’étirement?

Answer 4

Si un muscle est étiré rapidement, il risque de se déchirer
* Le réflexe d’étirement protège les muscles en assurant un contraction musculaire rapide en réaction à une étirement

Question 5

Bicep reflex
Name the nerve and the root supply

Answer 5

Biceps:

Nerve: Musculocutaneous

Root Supply: C5, C6

Question 6

Knee reflex:
Name nerve and the root supply

Answer 6

Knee:

Nerve: Femoral

Root: L2, L3, L4

Question 7

Tonus Hypertonique Hypotonique and
Localisation clinique de la faiblesse

Answer 7

Hypertonique
MNS -> the spine is in control with no inhibition

Hypotonique
MNI-> the neuron cannot act on the NMJ

Question 8

Type de paralysie Flaccidité and
Localisation clinique de la faiblesse

Answer 8

Spasticité:
Same as hypertonique -> MNS

Flaccidité: MNI

Question 9

Atrophie Sévère and damage

Answer 9

Atrophie: degeneration or shrinkage of muscle or nerve tissue
Severe:
MNI

Light:
MNS (there will still be stome trophic factor sent by the MNI and so the muscle will remain in tact)

Question 11

MNS damage and type of reflex damage?

Answer 11

MNS -> increased reflexes
(spinal cord in control)
MNI-> decreased reflexes

Question 12

True or False,

MNI damage leads to Fasciculations twitching.

Answer 12

TRUE

absent in MNS damage

Question 13

Lesionel vs Sous-lesionel meaning

Answer 13

Lésionel: déficit au niveau de la lésion

C5 lesion, every affected inferior neuron coming out of C5

Sous-lésionel: déficit** sous le niveau de la lésion**

C5 lesion, every affected inferior neuron coming under C5

Question 14

What are the lesional and sous-lesional results of a lesion cervical?

Answer 14

Lesional: if touched the diaphragm then death

Sous lesional: full paralysis of all limbs

Question 15

What does a lesion in C5 lead to?

Answer 15

On top of the ful lparalysis, there might be problems connected to C5 nerves as well

Question 16

What lesion is associated with Troubles sphinctériens et génitaux sévères

Answer 16

A lesion in T10 - L2

Also Déficit
sensitivomoteur des membres inférieurs

Question 17

What is Syndrome: Brown-Séquard? What are effects of patient?

Answer 17

The lesioning of only ONE SIDE of the spinal cord

Lesional: loss of allllll perception

Let us assume that the cut only affects inferior members and it is on the left side of the patient.

Because the corticospinal tract does not duccusate until the pons, the patient will have total loss of proprioception, vibration touch on the LEFT side (side of the lesion)

However, the patient will still have pain, heat perception on the ipsilateral side

On the contrary, the patient will ahve affected pain and heat perception of the controlateral leg. This is due to the decussation of the leminiscal tract at the level of the spinal cord

Question 18

What is Syndrome Médullaire Central?

Answer 18

It is a lesion in the center of the spinal cord

Normally the decussation of pain and temperature (spinothalamic) fibers occurs at the spinal cord (specifically in the center)

As such, there will be an impared sensation of pain and temperature

Because this is in the center, both sides will eb affected

Question 19

What is Syndrome: Artères Spinales Antérieures

Answer 19

The posterior part of the spinal cord is preserved due to its own arterial supply but the anterior part is affected.

So here, anterior part is where the motor ganglion is

As such, one excpects a loss in motor function associated with MNI weakness.

However, proprioception, touch and vibration will be perserved. Sometimes temperature sensation can be affected

Sometimes patient might say they have loss all sensation and the radiologist might not see anything. However, check for proprioception! and vinration!!!! They will be able to!!!

Question 20

What is Syndrome: Artères Spinales Postérieures ?

Answer 20

Troubles sensitifs profonds souslésionnels atteignant la proprioception,
la vibration, le toucher bilatéraux