Endocrine 1 Flashcards
What are the types of glands?
Les hormones endocrines utilisent le** système circulatoire** pour se rendre à leurs tissus cibles
Les hormones paracrines agissent sur les cellules voisines sans avoir à être transportées
Les hormones qui agissent sur la cellule qui les a elle-même sécrétées sont dites autocrine
What are the 3 groups of hormones?
Hormones protéiques/polypeptidiques
Hormones stéroïdes
Hormones dérivées de la tyrosine
Hormones protéiques/polypeptidiques:
Synthesis, Storage, Secretion, Transport, Clearance Type, Action Type
Synthesis: préprohormone to prohormone
Storage : stockées dans des granules sécrétoires
Secretion: Exocytosis (exam) into the plasma
Transport: free transport without binding to proteins
Clearance Type: Rapid clearance(exam)
Action Type: Récepteur membranaire
Hormones steroides:
Synthesis, Storage, Secretion, Transport, Clearance Type, Action Type
Synthesis: Dérivent du cholestérol (exam)
Storage : Pas de stockage -> Rapidement synthétisées au besoin
Secretion: Par diffusion (liposoluble) (exam)
Transport: Liées à des protéines plasmatiques (exam)
Clearance Type: Slow clearance
Action Type: They will target cytoplasmic receptors → this is why diffusion is important
What are the hormones that come from tyrosine ?
Hormones thyroïdiennes T3 et T4
Catécholamines (adrénaline, noradrénaline)
What type of hormones are T3/T4?
Storage, Secretion, Transport, Clearance Type, Action Type
Similar to steroid
Storage : Storage in the origine cell
Secretion: Par diffusion (liposoluble) (exam)
Transport: Liées à des protéines plasmatiques (exam)
Clearance Type: Slow clearance
Action Type: They will target intracellular receptors → this is why diffusion is important
True or False,
Catecholamines are comparaible to steroid hormones in their action target and clearance.
FALSE
Catecholamines act on membrane receptors (like peptides)
and they are cleared rapidly (like peptide hormones)
Properties of G coupled protein receptor
domaine extracellulaire
7 segments transmembranaires
domaine intracellulaire
Binding of hormone can either inhibit or activate the alpha intracellular unit
What are the following?
1- Complexe adénylcyclase/AMP cyclique
2- PLC (PIP2-IP3+ DAG)
3- Complexe calcium/calmoduline
types de seconds messagers
What is clinically special about the anatomical position of the Hypophyse anterior?
It is right under the optic chiasm
This means that a pituitary gland tumor can affect vission if it presses on the chiasm
True or false
La glande hypophyse postérieure est une glande très vascularisée, comportant un système porte hypothalamo-hypophysaire.
False
It is the anterior one that has this
Explain hormone release of the posterior pituitary gland in relation to the hypothalamus.
The posterior pituitary gland does not produce hormones, but rather stores and secretes hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus produces two hormones,** oxytocin** and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), which are then stored in the posterior pituitary gland. These hormones travel along the axons into storage sites in the axon terminals of the posterior pituitary. When the body needs these hormones, the posterior pituitary releases them into the bloodstream5
Anterior Hypophyse hormones
GH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, GnRH (from hypothallamus; LH,FSH),
What is special about milk secretion during pregnancy
We dont want to have milk come out during pregnancy but only after
estrogen and progesterone that are elevated during pregnancy inhibit milk secretion
During pregnacy, prolactin increases, preparing the mammary gland
After birth, estrogen and progesterone are decreased -> milk secretion
Role of Growth Hormone:
Anabolic hormone
Make muscle
Reduces glucose re-absorption
Growth
True or False,
The growth hormone is what causes the anabolic changes
FALSE
Hypothalamic GHRH -stimulates Anterior Pituitary Gland> GH production → liver → production of IGF→ anabolic hormone
IGF is what causes anabolic
What factors increase production and inhibit GH hormone?
Niveaux élevés d’acides gras
Jeûne
GH exogène
Sommeil
Diminution des niveaux d’acides gras
Obésité
Stress
Augmentation des acides aminés (arginine)
Vieillissement
Hypoglycémie
Exercice
Hyperglycémie
-
Increase:
Sommeil
Exercice
Stress
Hypoglycémie
Diminution des
niveaux d’acides gras
Jeûne
Augmentation des
acides aminés
(arginine) -
Decrease
Hyperglycémie
Niveaux élevés d’acides gras
Obésité
Vieillissement
GH exogène
What is neurophysine II?
It is the transporter of ADH
Les hormones hypothalamiques et
hypophysaires are of what type
peptides
Where is ADH produced?
L’ADH et son transporteur neurophysine II sont synthétisés dans des noyaux supra-optiques et paraventriculaires (exam)de l’hypothalamus
True or False,
GH est un hormone lypolytique
lypolytique = lypolise = breakdown fat
GH promotes growth -> breaks down adipose tissue and leads to increased ketone bodies
Effects of GH on glucose?
- Réduit la captation de glucose par les tissus (insulinorésistance)
- Augmente la production hépatique de glucose (néoglucogénèse)
Effects of GH on protein?
Reduced protein degredation and increased storage
What is somatotrope?
Simply growth hormone
