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Phys Dys > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

0
Q

Which part of the brain controls body homeostasis?

A

Hypothalamus

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1
Q

Stages of motor learning

A

Skill acquisition- initial instruction and practice of skill
Skill retention- carry over, asked to demonstrate their new skill
Skill transfer- demonstrating skill in a new context

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2
Q

Which part of the brain stem is important in motor control and muscle tone?

A

Substantia nigra

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3
Q

Anterior horns effect what kind of neurons?

A

Efferent motor

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4
Q

Posterior horns effect what kind of neurons?

A

Afferent sensory

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5
Q

Where do neuro pathways cross?

A

Medulla oblongata

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6
Q

The cerebellum is known for?

If damaged can cause?

A

Balance

Ataxia

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7
Q

Which tracts are ascending SENSORY pathways?

A

Dorsal columns

Spinothalamic tracts

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8
Q

If damaged which tract comes back first? Why?

A

Spinothalamic. It is not as heavily myelinated which takes a while to regenerate.

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9
Q

What does dorsal column control?

Spinothalamic?

A

Proprioception and vibration

Pain and temperature

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10
Q

Why is smell so associated with memory?

A

Hippocampus (memory) and smell pathways are next to each other

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11
Q

Symptoms of lower motor neuron lesion*

A

Flaccidity, atrophy

*the kid is hurt, moms is feeling low

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12
Q

Symptoms of upper motor neuron lesion*

A

Spasticity, clonus, primitive reflexes, autonomic dysreflexia

  • moms is hurt kid is HYPER
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13
Q

Peripheral nerves are referred to as

A

Lower motor neurons

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14
Q 
Nerve fiber types:
Delta 
Beta
Alpha
Gamma
A

Delta- pain, temp, touch
Beta- touch, pressure

Alpha- proprio, somatic
Gamma- motor

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15
Q

Where does the spinal cord end on the vertebrae?

A

L1 then forms the cauda equina

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16
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Transient ischemic attack. Brief brain blood flow interruption. Symptoms last less than 24hrs.

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17
Q

MCA CVA symptoms:

A

Contra hemi, aphasia, apraxia

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18
Q

ACA CVA symptoms:

A

Contra hemi, incontenence, confusion

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19
Q

Decorticate and decerebrate rigidity are symptoms of?

A

TBI?

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20
Q

Glasgow coma scale measures what? And what are parameters?

A

Eye Verbal Motor response. 3-15. Severe 13.

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21
Q

ASIA SCALE

A B E

A

A- complete NO motor or sensory
B- incomplete, sensory no motor
C- incomplete, motor intact
E- normal

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22
Q

Central cord

A

Hyperextension; effects arms more than legs

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23
Q

Brown- Sequard

A

Hemi section; lose contra pain and temp

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24
Q

Anterior cord

A

Flexion of cord

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25
Q

Conus medullaris

A

Sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots; reflexive bowel and bladder

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26
Q

Cauda equina

A

L1 and below; flaccid paralysis

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27
Q

Name 3 complications of SCI

A 
Respiratory, decrease vitals
Decubiti
Ortho hypo
DVT
auto dyseflex
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28
Q

Tremor vs ataxia?

A

Tremor- rhythmic alternating, resting or intention

Ataxia- no coordination during voluntary movement

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29
Q

Dyskinesia vs dystonia

A

Dyskinesia- involuntary nonrepetitive, basal ganglia disorders

Dystonia- sustained abnormal postures

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30
Q

Tics vs chorea

A

Tics- brief rapid involuntary repetitive

Chorea- brief purposeless involuntary

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31
Q

Rancho los amigos scale
How many levels?
Assess what?

A

10

Cognition

32
Q

What is level 2 on rancho scale?

A

Generalized inconsistent, total assist, responds slow to pain stimuli, can perform sensory stimulating activities

33
Q

What is level 5 on ranchos scale

A

Confused inappropriate non agitated, performs repetitive self care tasks, hair brushing may wander, not oriented, impaired memory, absent executive functions, follow simple commands with cues, difficult learning new info

34
Q

What is level 7 ranchos?

A

Automatic and appropriate responses, min assist, poor judgment n problem solving, uncooperative, performs community re-entry activities

35
Q

What is level 3 on ranchos

A

Localized response, responds to simple commands, turns head, blinks, performs sensory stim activities, moving to music

36
Q

What is ranchos level 4

A

Confused agitated, alert, non purposeful sitting or walking, aggressive, mood swings,

37
Q

Ranchos level 6

A

Confused appropriate, carry over for relearned tasks, unaware of impairments, follows simple directions, perform simple meal prep

38
Q

List ranchos 8-10

A

Purposeful appropriate SBA
“ “ SBA on request
“ “ mod I

39
Q

Which section of the brain does alcoholism attack?

A

Cerebellum = ataxia

40
Q

Name 3 general neuro Tx’s

A 
Positioning
Postural control
Motor learning
Adl training
Splinting
Cognitive perceptual retraining 
Sensory re-ed
41
Q

Dyspraxia

A

Executing novel actions

42
Q

Sensory processing disorder symptoms

A 
Frustration
Dyspraxia
Poor initiation
Poor ideation 
Difficult with adaptive response
43
Q

TBI Tx

A

Sensory stim, positioning, splints

Pelvic realignment/ trunk position, behavior management, fxnl mobility

44
Q

Dysmetria

A

Decreased coordination

45
Q

Akathisia vs akinesia

A

Akathisia- motor restlessness

Akinesia- delayed initiation

46
Q

Feed forward praxis

A

Compares motor and sensory plans to detect potential error and correct before attempt

47
Q

Executional praxis

A

Perform action with precision

48
Q

Which neuro approach Tx uses movement patterns to normalize tone?

A

PNF

49
Q

Which neuro approach Tx uses handling techniques to I or F tone?

A

NDT

50
Q 
Weight Bearing
Trunk rotation
Scapular mobilization
Positioning
Bilateral patterns are Tx  of what approach?
A

NDT

51
Q

Which PNF pattern begins crossing midline?

A

D2

52
Q

Quick stretch is utilized to…

A

Elicit a contraction

53
Q

List brunnstroms 7 stages of motor recovery:

A 
Flaccidity
Min voluntary movement
Spasticity
Synergy deviation
Greater synergy deviation
No spasticity
Normal tone
54
Q

Demonstrate and verbalize flexor synergy pattern

A

Shoulder elevation n retraction
ABduction external rotation
Elbow flexion
Forearm supination

55
Q

Name 3 Rood facilitation techniques

A 
Fast brushing
Tendon tapping
Vibration
Quick icing
Heavy joint compression
56
Q

Name 3 Rood inhibitory techniques

A 
Gentle rocking 
Slow stroking 
Tendon pressure
Prolonged stretch
Prolonged icing
Neutral warmth
57
Q

Name 2 evals for motor control dysfunction

A

Spasticity- 5pt ashworth scale
Reflex
Sublux
Qualitative motor describtion

58
Q

Akinesia

A

Inability to initiate movements

59
Q

Ataxia

A

No motor control

60
Q

Athetosis

A

Writhing worm like

61
Q

Name 3 SI Tx

A 
Elicit adaptive response
Firm pressure
Linear movement
Slow movement
Active participation
Meaningful sensory input
Balance structure and freedom
62
Q

Central vision loss. Cloudy or opaque vision.

A

Cataracts

63
Q

Peripheral vision loss.

A

Glaucoma

64
Q

Changes in the blood vessels of the retina secondary to DM

A

Diabetic retinopathy

65
Q

Decorticate
Vs
Decerebrate

A

Decorticate- UE flexed, internalR, aDduction

Decerabrate- UE extended, internalR, ADduction

66
Q

Brocas aphasia

A

Broken speech. Know what to say, cant say it

67
Q

Dysarthria

A

Paralysis of speech organs

68
Q

Name 5 cognitive perceptual functional impairments

A

Alertness, stereognosis, attention, ideational apraxia, ideomotor apraxia, LTM loss, STM loss, organization, sequencing, R/L discrimination, somatognosia, topographical, unilateral neglect, figure ground, perseveration, acalculia, alexia, problem solving, aphasia, agnosia, executive functioning.

69
Q

What part of the brainstem mediates the tonic labyrinthine reflex?

A

Lower

70
Q

The upper brain stem mediates which reflexes?

A

Righting

71
Q

Traction is used for and on?

A

D flexion

To promote mobility

72
Q

Approximation is used for?

A

To promote joint stability

73
Q

After ECT what kind of loss is typical?

A

Short term memory

74
Q

Blocked practice

A

Repeated performance of the same motor skill

75
Q

Parkinsons

A

Affects dopamine production

76
Q

What neurological symptoms are typically not seen in ALS

A 
Cognition
Sensation
Vision
Hearing
Bowel and bladder
77
Q

What is the primary assessment method for dementia?

A

Observation and interview

Phys Dys (7 decks)

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