Deformities/ Disease/Syndrome Flashcards by Chanelle Rice

2nd degree burns aka…

Superficial partial thickness

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Healing time for 1st degree burns

3-7days

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Full thickness burn aka…

Symptoms

3rd degree
White waxy leathery
Pain free
Requires skin graft

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For deep partial thickness burns, what position do we want to prevent?

Positions of comfort- nonfunctional n results in contractures

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What is the desired position for burns

Anti deformity

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Multiple sclerosis

Slowly progressive CNS demyelination

Symptoms: Clumsiness, vertigo, bladder dysfunction, inattention, paresthesia, fatigue, slurred speech, ED

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Guillane barre

Motor neurons become scar tissue which leads to muscle atrophy.
Rapid progression of PNS demyelination
Distal sensory loss
Recovery is 2-4weeks

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Duchennes muscular dystrophy

Leg muscles go first
Weakness of proximal joints
Gowers sign “she twerking”
Rarely survive pass 20s due to respiratory n cardiac problems

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Limb girdle

Slow progression

Pelvic and shoulder proximal muscles are first

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Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Weakness deformities contractures

Hol up dance

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Fascioscapulohumeral

Early adolescence
Mask like appearance
Face upper arm and scapula affected

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Difference between myopathy and dystrophy

Myopathy- abnormal muscle function, progress slowly

Dystrophies- muscle weakness, fast progression

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Myasthenia gravis

Episodic muscle weakness
Cranial nerves affected
ACH receptors blocked so nerve and muscles disrupted
Ptosis

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Flexor tendon repair: kleinert protocal

Passive flexion using rubber band traction and active extension

0-4weeks: dorsal block splint
4-7weeks: dorsal splint, wrist neutral
6-8weeks: AROM, no splint, tend glidin
8-12weeks: strengthen, leisure

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Flexor tendon repair: duran protocol

Passive flexion n extension of digit

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Difference between dupuytrens and trigger finger

Dup- contracted fascia

Trigg- thickening of tendon

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CTS vs pronator teres syndrome

Cts- median nerve at wrist

Pts- median nerve at forearm

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Guyons canal vs cubital tunnel syndrome

Guyons- ulnar nerve at wrist

Cubital- ulnar nerve at elbow

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Is median nerve laceration ape or claw hand?

Ape

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Is radial nerve laceration claw hand or wrist drop?

Wrist drop

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Parkinsons symptoms

Tremor pill rolling
Rigidity
Akinesia
Decreased posture
Mask Like facial expression

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Werdnig hoffman

Infant spinal muscle atrophy

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Charcot marie tooth

Progressive peripheral nerve weakness, primarily distal legs

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Huntington’s symptoms

Chorea
Progressive intellectual deterioration
Psych disturbances

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Friedrich's ataxia

Unsteady gait, dysarthria, loss of large sensory fibers, scoliosis and cardiomyopathy are common

ALS

Progressive degeneration of CST and anterior horn cells More prevalent in men; Death usually occurs Muscle atrophy, begins distally Dysarthria and dysphagia

What is the purpose of baclofen?

Counteract spasticity

CRPS 1 symptoms AKA

Causalgia- burning pain, hypersensitive to light touch, sweating Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

HERPES ZOSTER AKA

Inflammation of posterior root ganglion Shingles

Tonic clonic seizure Aka

Grand mal | Most common, aura, tonic phase then clonic phase

Absence seizure

Brief loss of consciousness

Decorticate rigidity

UE- spastic flexed, internal rotation, ADduction

Decerebrate rigidity

UE AND LE- spastic extension, ADduction, internal rotation

Name 2 types of dementia

Alzheimers Vascular Frontotemporal Lew bodies

Radial tunnel syndrome

Radial nerve Compression at proximal forearm felt along lateral forearm

Pronator syndrome

Medial nerve compression along medial aspect of forearm

What stage of Alzheimers requires physical and verbal assist to complete ADLs?

At what Alzheimer's stage are one step commands needed?

Glaucoma

Peripheral vision loss

Stress loading programs are primarily used for what diagnosis?

CRPS

For crps would we use Arom or Prom?

AROM

Dupuytrens Tx

``` Wound care Edema control Extension splint ROM then strengthening Scar management ```

What is injured in skiers thumb

Ulnar collateral ligament at mcp of thumb

CRPS Symptoms

``` Pain Vasomotor changes Discoloration Edema OA Temp changes ```

CRPS Tx name3

``` Pams AROM Edema management Pain free ADLs Stress loading/ joint distraction Splint ```

What is a boxers fracture and what splint to use?

5th metacarpal | Ulnar gutter splint

Name 3 types of fractures

``` Colles Smiths Comminuted Greenstick Impacted Transverse Oblique Spiral ```

When evaluating a fracture how do we assess ROM

AROM. Don't do PROM or strength until doctor orders Except humerus fractures

What does finkelsteins test for

Dequervains | Pain and swelling over radial styloid

Dequervains Tx

Thumb spica, IP free Activity modification Ice massage Gentle AROM

What injuries do you use kleinart and duran protocol for?

Flexor tendon repairs

Kleinart protocal progression

Dorsal block splint Place hold and tendon gliding exercise D/c splint Strengthening

What causes wrist drop? Benediction sign?

Radial nerve laceration High median nerve injury

What causes claw hand? Ape hand?

Ulnar nerve laceration Distal median nerve injury

Frozen shoulder aka..

Adhesive capsulitis

Hip precautions

``` Do not Flex pass 90 Adduct or cross legs Internal rotate Pivot hip ``` Use raised seats

Name 3 pre prosthetic treatments for amputations

``` Change dominance Desensitization Wrapping Counseling Educate in skin care ```

Name 3 Tx for pain

``` Pams Massage Proper positioning Splint ROM Relaxation techniques Body mechanics Correct posture Modify activity Exercise program ```

An injury to a spinal or peripheral nerve can result in motor or sensory impairment or both?

Both

Colles n smiths fracture

Colles dorsal displacement Smiths palmar displacement

Name 4 cumulative trauma disorders

``` Tendonitis Nerve root impingement OA Thoracic outlet syndrome Rotator cuff Bursitis Epicondylitis Cubital tunnel Carpal tunnel Dequervain ```

What is meant by no mans land and what zone is it in?

Difficult for tendon gliding without scarring 2

Why is pregnancy a cause for CTS ?

Fluid retention endocrine malfunction

What is the 1st wound healing phase?

Inflammatory

Which wounds heal the slowest?

Circular

What are factors that slow down wound healing process?

``` Necrotic tissue Infection DM HIV Old age Meds Atherosclerosis ```

Name 4 OT oncology Tx's

``` Energy conservation I in ADLs Adaptive equipment Psychosocial support Caregiver training Sensory education Scar management WC education Lymphedema management PAMs ```

Whats the opposite of froments sign?

Jeannes sign- hyperextension of thumb ip when pinching

Which hepatitis are healthcare workers most susceptible to?

Flail arm splint Vs Elbow lock splint

Fas- stables the shoulder n elbow | Els- stables the elbow

Festinating gait

Small rapid steps, forward tilted head and trunk

Describe postural instability seen in Parkinsons

Stooped, no arm swing during mobility, loss of postural reflexes,

What is the anti deformity position for the elbow?

Elbow extension | Forearm neutral

When is total immobilization needed in post burn management?

Initial post skin grafting

Central then peripheral loss | Clouding

Cataracts

Peripheral loss | Intraocular pressure

Glaucoma

Central vision loss

Macular degeneration

Growth of abnormal blood vessels and hemorrhage in the retina Impaired central vision

Diabetic retinopathy

Immobility of staples | Conductive hearing loss

Otosclerosis

Menieres disease

Episodic tinnitus dizziness | Hearing loss

Which form of dementia has visual hallucinations and parkinson like motor symptoms?

Lewy bodies