Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phase 1 definitions > neuro > Flashcards

neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Fissure or sulcus

A

Deep folds in the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gyrus

A

Upwards fold of cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood supply of brain

A

Internal carotids and vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Stimulates a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

Inhibits a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Efferent neurone

A

Motor, taking info from CNS to periphery’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Afferent neurone

A

Sensory, taking info from peripheries to cns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of nerve cell

A

Cells which transmit impulses from one area to another. Pyramidal, stellate, Golgi, basket and purkinje

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does aqueous humour drain out of

A

The canal of schlemm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Macular lutea

A

Most sensitive area on the retina, also known as the fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Noiciceptive pain

A

Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neuropathic pain

A

Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system. Eg phantom limb pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

the reflex eye movement that stabilizes images on the retina when the head rotates. this is done by producing eye movements in the opposite direction to head rotation therefore fixing the image on the center of the visual field. OCCURS IN THE INFERIOR COLICULI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acute pain

A

pain for less than 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

chronic pain

A

pain for more than 12 weeks or one that persists longer than the expected healing time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diurnal variation of pain

A

pattern of pain threshold. It is highest in the morning and lowest at night. This reflects the cortical secretions of beta-endorphin secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

referred pain

A

when nociceptor afferens activate interneurons pain is experienced away from the injured tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pre-frontal gyrus involvement in pain

A

pain awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

amygdala involvement in pain

A

emotional responce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anterior cingulate gyrus involvement in pain

A

pain sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of the sensorimotor cortex

A

positional awareness of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

opiods

A

peptides that interact with opoid receptors. Often morphine derived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cannabinoids

A

repress neurotransmitter release in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

C fibres

A

unmyelinated, slow conducting pain fibres. Slow pain, burning, aching and dull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Alpha fibres
myelinated, fast conducting pain fibres. Fast sharp stinging pain
26
function of the periaqueductal grey
stimulate pain relief. It projects onto the dorsal columns. Recieves inputs from the cortical and sub-cortical areas
27
cingulate cortex function
linked with the limbic system- associated with emotions and memory
28
function of the insular cortex
plays a role in perception, motor control and self-awarenes
29
action potential
a sudden reversal of a membrane from resting potential
30
temporal summation
high frequency action potentals are repeatedly received along one dendrite
31
spatial summation
simultaneous stimulation from several pre-synaptic neurones reaching the synapse causing an action potential
32
neuromodulators
substances that do not directly activate ion channel receptors but act alongside the neurotransmitters to enhance the excitatory and inhibitory response. Eg dopamine
33
presynaptic modulation
this alters the effects of the neurotransmitters at the synapse. Eg opoids inhibiting the release of substance P.
34
agonist
a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a response
35
antagonist
a chemical that binds to a receptor and inactivates it inhibiting the response
36
graded potential
a potential over a short distance where the magnitude of the potential can be changed. They have no threshold or refractory periods
37
involuntary movement
facial expressions, hands and fingers, intercostals
38
goal directed movement
conscious, explicit and controlled movement
39
habit
unconscious implicit autonomic movement
40
motor neuron pod
a collection of motor neurons innervating a single skeletal muscle organised somatotophically
41
somatotophic organisation
point to point correspondace with the area of the body to place in the cell
42
motor unit
a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates
43
intrafusal fibres
modified connective tissues encapsulaated within the spindle. Innervated by gamma motor neurons
44
extrafusal fibres
skeletal fibres which form the bulk of the muscle and generate its force and movement. Innervated by alpha motor neurons
45
nuclear chain fibres
respond to how stretched the muscle is
46
nuclear bag fibres
respond to the magnitude and speed of the stretch
47
Golgi tendon organ detects
tension within a muscle
48
name the deep cerebellar nuclei
dentate nucleus, emboliform, fastigal and globase nuclei
49
function of basket cells
inhibit purkinje cells
50
function of stellate cells
to inhibit purkinje cells
51
purkinje cells
sole source of output from the cerebellar cortex.
52
granule cells
most numerous neuron cell type in cerebellum. receive input from mossy fibres and project to purkinje fibres, who send inpulses along paralel fibres out.
53
contents of the basal ganglia
putamen, external and internal globus pallidus and caudate nucleus
54
isotrophic diffusion
diffusion of a substance in all directions
55
anisotrophic diffusion
diffusion of a substance into a prticulat area because there is a barrier in place
56
sounds
the vibration of molecules in air
57
amplitude
the volume of sound
58
frequency
the pitch of sound. humans hear between 20-20,000 Hz
59
rarefraction
opposite to compression
60
endolymph contains
more potassium
61
perilymph is found and contains
in the scala tympani and vestibuli It has less potassium
62
anterograde
from cell bodies to axon terminals
63
retrograde
from axon terminals to cell bodies
64
neural pathways ( on and off)
have different glutamate receptors and therefore react differently to glutamate release.
65
red cone wavelength
short
66
green cone wavelength
medium
67
blue cone wavelenght
long
68
function of the cingulate gyrus
emotional processing
69
mental health
a state of well being in which every individual realises his or own potential to cope with normal stresses and actions of life
70
perceptions
the way in which something is regarded/understood
71
hallucinations
a perception of an apparent stiumulus which is infact absent
72
stress
a state of mental, emotional worry caused by a different situation or somethin which caused this condition
73
2 types of stress
distress= bad, eustress= positive
74
karoshi
death from overworking

Phase 1 definitions (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions