Neuro 2

Question 1

A post-synaptic neuron:

+facts:

Answer 1

-neuron that reveives the neurotransmitter after diffusion.

>may have multiple pre-synaptic neurons connected to it. -Each causing a different response >some causing excitatory effect: positive > some causing inhibitory affect: negative

Question 2

action potential causes _____ to be released by _____, get across membrane through ____. concentration gradient _____ speed

Answer 2

neurotransmitter, exocytosis, diffusion, increases

Question 3

Many presynaptic neurons can go to one post synaptic the ___ of neurons tells you:

Answer 3

Net, what action will take place

Question 4

Signal transmission steps:

Answer 4

• impulse reaches the end of a presynaptic neuron(neuron #1) -neurotransmitter is released into the synapse -release is from vesicles (packages), formed and stored at the end of the pre-synaptic neuron -strength of the impulse that reaches the end of the axon determines the amount of neurotransmitter released (stronger impulse causes more vesicles to be emptied)

Question 5

the Greater the concentration of neurotransmitter released into synapse means:

Answer 5

-faster it diffuses across the synapse (speed) -the greater the response of the post synaptic neuron (intensity) >>means whatever post synaptic neuron is connected to will respond more, faster, stronger ….muscle contractions, secretions, intestinal movement.

Question 6

Rate of impulse that reach the end of the axon determines:

Answer 6

amount of neurotransmitter released

Question 7

neurotransmitters: types based on: types:

Answer 7

-can produce 30 types, certain ones used more than others. -types are based on substance they are synthesized form -products of metabolism, modified amino acids, unmodified amino acids, peptides

Question 8

Products of metabolism:

Answer 8

Acetylcholine: acetyl group from metabolism of glucose in glycolysis. Choline: is part of vitamin B complex

Question 9

Modified amino acids: Main group and subtypes:

Answer 9

modification to a single amino acid- called monamines - L-Tryptophan >> serotonin: CNS- regulates anxiety, mood emotions -Tyrosine (amino acid) >>catecholamines >>>>Epinephrine/norepinephrine: CNS conscience arousal and PNS muscle activity >>>> Dopamine: CNS- behavior and reward system, PNS- skeletal muscle coordination

Question 10

Unmodified amino acids

Answer 10

Glycine: CNS-spinal cord> aids in skeletal muscle control, sequencing (inhibitor in spinal cord) GABA: CNS-brain> coordination of muscle sequence order (inhibitor in brain)

Question 11

Peptides:

Answer 11

short chain amino acids, involved in sensory perception

Question 12

Clinical acetylcholine:

Answer 12

-low levels seen in alzheimers disease -blocking @ neuromuscular junction > paralysis for surgery >Botox >Where nerve gas works >Botulism (bacterial toxin) flaccid paralysis > Tetanus (bacterial Toxin) spastic paralysis

Question 13

clinical monoamine: Serotonin

Answer 13

serotonin: LSD similar structure (activates system) -regulation of anxiety, depression, appetite -SSRI-prozac -substance in chocolate elevates momentarily -estrogen elevates- levels drop prior to menses

Question 14

clinical monamine part 2: L-Tryptophan

Answer 14

L-Tryptophan (precursor) >high in meats (poultry)

Question 15

clinical monamine part 3: Epinephrine/norepinephrine

Answer 15

Epinephrine/norepinephrine-stimulatory effects >amphetamines work in same areas-stimulates reward/addictive behavior neurons >excess -CNS- epilepsy, PNS- high blood pressure >Deficit - depression

Question 16

clinical monamine part 4: dopamine

Answer 16

dopamine: decreased- parkinson, depression increased- highest level of reward/addiction drugs, alcohol, nicotine cause this level to increase