Neuro 2 Flashcards
Anxiolytic
drug classification in humans used to reduce anxiety
What drugs are anxiolytics?
benzodiazepines and azapirones
examples of benzodiazepines
diazepam, clonazepam, lorazeam (all the pams)
Azapirones
Buspirone; 5HT autoreceptor agonist
Benzodiazepine mechanism of action
bind GABA A receptors, help GABA open the receptor channel; may also regulate monoamine NT release
allosteric modulators
Benzodiazepine treatments
FAS disorders (including noise phobias), anticonvulsants, muscle relaxation, appetite stimulant
What should you not use benzodiazepines to treat?
Aggression (BDZ can erase the inhibition for aggressive tendencies)
Buspirone (azapirone) difference from BDZs
does not cause sedation, memory impairment, or bite disinhibition
Are azapirones at a higher or lower abuse potential than BDZs?
lower (no withdrawal or dependence effects)
Can you use aazapirones for noise phobias or separation anxiety?
no
Can you combine azapirones with SSRIs?
yes
Acepromazine
phenothiazine tranquilizer that produces a neuroleptic state
Phenothiazine tranquilizer mechanism of action
dopamine receptor antagonist (competes with dopamine for binding)
Can dogs tranquilized with acepromazine be aroused [easily]?
yes
Adverse side effects of phenothiazine tranquilizers
sedation/ataxia, hypotension, inhibit learning and learned responses (behavioral problems), extrapyramidal effects (muscle problems, restlessness and random contraction)
3 Categories of Antidepressants
- Tricyclic (TCAs)
- SSRIs
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Main Effect of most antidepressants
increase synaptic serotonin and/or norepinephrine and/or dopamine
Which antidepressant increases all three synaptic levels (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine)?
MAOIs
Contraindications of TCAs
KCS (dry eye) or glaucoma
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist
clonidine and dextomidine (activate presynaptic autoreceptors)
