Neuro 1

Question 1

neuropharmacology

Answer 1

study of the mechanism of the action of drugs and their effects on behavior

Question 2

How many neurons are in the human brain? Dogs? Cats?

Answer 2

Human = 86 billion
Dogs = 160 million
Cats = 300 million

Question 3

Most simplistic way of how neurons talk to each other?

Answer 3

chemical neurotransmitters

Question 4

3 Categories of Classical NTs

Answer 4

1. Amino Acids
2. Monoamines
3. Acetylcholine

Question 5

3 Categories of Non-Classical NTs

Answer 5

1. Neuropeptides
2. Lipids
3. Gases

Question 6

3 Amino Acid NTs

Answer 6

1. Glutamate
2. GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid)
3. Glycine

Question 7

3 Monoamine NTs

Answer 7

1. Dopamine
2. Norepinephrine
3. Serotonin

Question 8

Glutamate

Answer 8

excitatory NT in brain and spinal cord

Question 9

GABA

Answer 9

inhibitory NT in brain (and spinal cord)

Question 10

Glycine

Answer 10

inhibitory NT in spinal cord

Question 11

Almost all monoamine receptors are: metabotropic or ionotropic?

Answer 11

Metabotropic

Question 12

Are serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine all excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 12

excitatory

Question 13

Ionotropic

Answer 13

directly linked to ion-channel

Question 14

metabotropic

Answer 14

G protein gated channels or second messanger cascades

Question 15

Which is faster - metabotropic or ionotropic?

Answer 15

ionotropic

Question 16

autoreceptor

Answer 16

receptor in presynaptic terminal for the same NT to be released by the neuron

Question 17

How can neurotransmission be inactivated?

Answer 17

autoreceptors, reuptake into presynaptic terminal, uptake into glia cells, diffusion fromthe synapse, enzymatic degradation

Question 18

Autoreceptor agonist

Answer 18

stimulates autoreceptors, inhibits release of NTs

Question 19

Autoreceptor antagonist

Answer 19

blocks autoreceptors, stimulates release of NTs

Question 20

Agonist

Answer 20

stimulates postsynaptic receptors

Question 21

Antagonist

Answer 21

blocks postsynaptic receptors

Question 22

Degradation inhibitor

Answer 22

prevents NT degradation in the synapse

Question 23

Reuptake inhibitor

Answer 23

blocks reuptake in the synapse

Question 24

What types of drugs decrease communication with NTs across a synapse?

Answer 24

autoreceptor agonists and postsynaptic antagonists

Question 25

Serotonin

Answer 25

NT with roles in mood, emotion, sleep, and appetite frequently associated with aggression, FAS, OCD, and depression

Question 26

Which monoamine NT is a indolamine?

Answer 26

serotonin (5-HT)

Question 27

Dopamine

Answer 27

roles in reward and motivation, cognitive functioning

Question 28

Where are serotonin receptors primarily located?

Answer 28

brainstem

Question 29

Main dopamine pathway?

Answer 29

nigrostriatal pathway

(important in schizophrenia and Parkinsons)

Question 30

3 Dopamine Pathways and what they control

Answer 30

1. Nigrostriatal = motor control
2. Mesolimbic/mesocortical = behavior
3. Tuberohypophyseal = endocrine (prolactin)

Question 31

Norepinephrine

Answer 31

roles in arousal and attention, mood, rewards; concerned with wakefulness/alertness (arousal) and mood

Question 32

What two drugs work as alpha2 agonists at norepinephrine autoreceptors?

Answer 32

dexmedetomidine and clonidine

Question 33

Amphetamine and Cocaine effects on norepinephrine

Answer 33

incrases the amont available/blocks reuptake

Question 34

Ketamine

Answer 34

NMDA receptor antagonist