Advanced Behavior 1 & 2 Flashcards
stress
occurs when stimuli threaten the optimal state of an individual
Is the stimuli for stress always a real threat?
no (perceived by the individual)
Stress Effect on Performance
happy medium - don’t be depressed, but don’t have an anxious meltdown
stressor
stimulus that can induce stress
Two Categories of Stress
- Physiological
- Psychological
Examples of Physiological Stressors
hunger, thirst, temperature, illness
Examples of Psychological Stressors
social conflicts, rough handling, unpredictable environment,lack of choice, insufficient exercise or stimulation, separation anxiety
4 Biological Defense Systems
- Behvioral responses
- Autonomic nervous system
- Neuroendocrine system
- Immune system
Which biological defense system has the longest lasting effects?
neuroendocrine
Which biological defense system has the shortest lasting effects?
autonomic nervous system
Differences in stress response can be attributed to ____? (3)
- different stressors
- differences between animals
- differences within an animal
Biological resources
animals have a level of normal function with saved reserves for perodical and unexpected events
distress
occurs when stress response threatens an animal’s well-being/welfare
What four factors can make stress into distress?
- Duration (acute/chronic)
- Intensity
- Predictability
- Controllability
Stress Induced Pathologies
-altered growth
-suppression of repro fxn
-behavioral pathologies
-disease/medical condition
Stress Effect on Reproductive Function
seasons, nutrition, and management can alter estrous and conception rates
Displacement Behaviors
scratching, self-grooming, yawning, lip-licking, sniffing the ground
Does distress affect the human-animal bond?
yes
Medical Conditions caused by Stress
stress colitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchitis, UTIs, autoimmune dz, etc
Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC)
inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder, common in young/overweight/male cats on dry food in stressful households
FIC clinical signs
hematuria, pyuria, stranguria, periuria, licking genitals, vocalizing
pyuria
white blood cells in urine
stranguria
difficulty urinating
periuria
inappropriate elimination (outside the litterbox)
Ways to help stress?
human-animal interactions, social relationships, early experiences, genetic modifications
animal welfare
animals have the right to be handled humanely and live a life free of pain
animal rights
animals should have rights equal to those of humans
The Five Freedoms
- Hunger/Thirst
- Discomfort
- Pain/Injury/Disease
- Fear/Distress
- Express Normal Behavior
Brambell Report
foundation for the five freedoms
Switzerland and animal welfare
must express social behavior (catsand guinea pigs), no barking inhibitors, humane fishing and fish owning, first time dog owner classes
3 Components of Animal Welfare
mental feelings, physical state, natural behaviors
Is welfare black and white?
no, it is a spectrum
Challenges of Analyzing Welfare
- Familiarity with typical/normal behavioral patterns
- Context-based evaluation
- Subjectiveness
Who/what has an impact on animal welfare?
vets, government/legislation, resources, drug/equipment availability, culture, etc
