Autonomics 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the ANS purely a motor system?

A

yes

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2
Q

Which nervous system is more in control when we are at rest - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

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3
Q

2 Parts of Peripheral Nervous System

A
  1. Somatic Nervous System
  2. Autonomic Nervous System
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4
Q

3 Parts of Autonomic Nervous System

A
  1. Sympathetic system
  2. Parasympathetic system
  3. Enteric nervous system (ENS)
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5
Q

2 Parts of Somatic Nervous System

A
  1. Motor system (signal out to skeletal muscles)
  2. Sensory system (signal back towards CNS)
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6
Q

The sympathetic branch of the ANS controls what region of nerves?

A

thoracic and lumbar regions

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7
Q

The parasympathic branch of the ANS controls what regions of nerves?

A

cranial and sacral region

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8
Q

target of the somatic nervous system

A

skeletal muscle

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9
Q

What nerves are heavily myelinated?

A

the somatic nervous system

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10
Q

What part of the brain provides central control for the ANS?

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

Concept of Dual Control

A

most organs are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympaathic fibers

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12
Q

What things get only sympathetic innervation?

A

blood vessel, adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili,lymph nodes

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13
Q

Sympathetic 2-Neuron Chain

A

short lightly myelinated preganglionic fiber synapses and releases ACh to a long unmyelinated postganglionic fiber and release norepinephrine

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14
Q

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system project to where?

A

sympathetic trunk and chain ganglia (of T1 to L4-5) OR collateral ganglia

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15
Q

3 Pathways of Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

A
  1. Synapse in sympathetic trunk at same level
  2. Travel up/down sympathetic trunk and synapse at different level
  3. Pass through sympathetic trunk into a splanchnic nerve and synapse on collateral ganglia
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16
Q

What nerves come from the dorsal side of the spinal cord?

A

nociception (pain) and other sensory stuff

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17
Q

From what aspect of the spinal cord do your sympathetic fibers of the ANS leave?

A

ventral side

18
Q

In which sympathetic preganglionic pathway is the sympathetic trunk not stimulated?

A

splanchnic nerve to collateral ganglia

19
Q

From which vertebrae do nerves synapse on the sympathetic trunk at the same level?

A

T1-T3

20
Q

From which vertebrae do nerves travel up the sympathetic trunk?

A

T1-T4

21
Q

From which vertebrae do nerves travel down the sympathetic trunk?

A

T5 to upper lumbar region (L2-L5 dependent on species)

22
Q

From which vertebrae do nerves skip the sympathetic trunk and synapse on collateral ganglia?

A

T5 to upper lumbar

23
Q

Explain the ANS of the adrenal medulla.

A

preganglionic go through sympathetic chain to collateral ganglia via splanchnic nn. to the adrenal medulla; preganglionic fibers release ACh on chromaffin cells and bind to nicotinic receptors to release epinephrine and NE which enter the bloodstream

24
Q

Does the adrenal medulla have a two neuron chain?

A

no

25
Q

Is the adrenal medulla innervated by the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system?

A

sympathetic

26
Q

Which tends to have more specific/selective activation - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

27
Q

Parasympathetic 2-Neuron Chain

A

long lightly myelinated preganglionic fiber synapses and releases ACh to a nicotinic receptor on a short unmyelinated postganglionic fiber and release ACh to a muscarinic receptor

28
Q

What cranial nerves in the parasympathetic system will project to ganglia NEAR target organs?

A

Cranial nerves III, VII, and IX (3, 7, and 9)

29
Q

What cranial nerves in the parasympathetic system will project to ganglia ON target organs?

A

Cranial nerve X (10) aka the vagus nerve

30
Q

What other nerve (not cranial) in the parasympathetic system will project to ganglia ON target organs?

A

pelvic nerve (from the sacral spinal cord)

31
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor nerve

32
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

facial nerve

33
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

34
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

vagus nerve

35
Q

What three organs do the parasympathetic fibers of CNN III, VII, and IX innervate?

A

lacrimal glands, eye, and salivary glands (from 4 ganglia)

36
Q

Which cranial nerve branches and synapses on two different ganglia?

A

Cranial nerve VII (for salivary and lacrimal gland)

37
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the eye?

A

Cranial nerve III

38
Q

Which salivary glands are innervated by the facial (VII) nerve?

A

mandibular and sublingual

39
Q

Which salivary glands are innervated by the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?

A

parotid and zygomatic/buccal

40
Q

What percent of parasympathetic outflow is provided by the vagus nerve?

A

75%

41
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve innervate what organs?

A

heart, lungs, GI tract from stomach through transverse colon, liver, spleen, pancreas

42
Q

Postganglionic fibers of the pelvic nerve innervate what organs?

A

bladder, descending colon and rectum, internal and external genitalia