Autonomics 1

Question 1

Is the ANS purely a motor system?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

Which nervous system is more in control when we are at rest - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

2 Parts of Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 3

1. Somatic Nervous System
2. Autonomic Nervous System

Question 4

3 Parts of Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 4

1. Sympathetic system
2. Parasympathetic system
3. Enteric nervous system (ENS)

Question 5

2 Parts of Somatic Nervous System

Answer 5

1. Motor system (signal out to skeletal muscles)
2. Sensory system (signal back towards CNS)

Question 6

The sympathetic branch of the ANS controls what region of nerves?

Answer 6

thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 7

The parasympathic branch of the ANS controls what regions of nerves?

Answer 7

cranial and sacral region

Question 8

target of the somatic nervous system

Answer 8

skeletal muscle

Question 9

What nerves are heavily myelinated?

Answer 9

the somatic nervous system

Question 10

What part of the brain provides central control for the ANS?

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

Concept of Dual Control

Answer 11

most organs are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympaathic fibers

Question 12

What things get only sympathetic innervation?

Answer 12

blood vessel, adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili,lymph nodes

Question 13

Sympathetic 2-Neuron Chain

Answer 13

short lightly myelinated preganglionic fiber synapses and releases ACh to a long unmyelinated postganglionic fiber and release norepinephrine

Question 14

Preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic system project to where?

Answer 14

sympathetic trunk and chain ganglia (of T1 to L4-5) OR collateral ganglia

Question 15

3 Pathways of Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

Answer 15

1. Synapse in sympathetic trunk at same level
2. Travel up/down sympathetic trunk and synapse at different level
3. Pass through sympathetic trunk into a splanchnic nerve and synapse on collateral ganglia

Question 16

What nerves come from the dorsal side of the spinal cord?

Answer 16

nociception (pain) and other sensory stuff

Question 17

From what aspect of the spinal cord do your sympathetic fibers of the ANS leave?

Answer 17

ventral side

Question 18

In which sympathetic preganglionic pathway is the sympathetic trunk not stimulated?

Answer 18

splanchnic nerve to collateral ganglia

Question 19

From which vertebrae do nerves synapse on the sympathetic trunk at the same level?

Answer 19

T1-T3

Question 20

From which vertebrae do nerves travel up the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 20

T1-T4

Question 21

From which vertebrae do nerves travel down the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 21

T5 to upper lumbar region (L2-L5 dependent on species)

Question 22

From which vertebrae do nerves skip the sympathetic trunk and synapse on collateral ganglia?

Answer 22

T5 to upper lumbar

Question 23

Explain the ANS of the adrenal medulla.

Answer 23

preganglionic go through sympathetic chain to collateral ganglia via splanchnic nn. to the adrenal medulla; preganglionic fibers release ACh on chromaffin cells and bind to nicotinic receptors to release epinephrine and NE which enter the bloodstream

Question 24

Does the adrenal medulla have a two neuron chain?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

Is the adrenal medulla innervated by the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 25

sympathetic

Question 26

Which tends to have more specific/selective activation - sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 26

parasympathetic

Question 27

Parasympathetic 2-Neuron Chain

Answer 27

long lightly myelinated preganglionic fiber synapses and releases ACh to a nicotinic receptor on a short unmyelinated postganglionic fiber and release ACh to a muscarinic receptor

Question 28

What cranial nerves in the parasympathetic system will project to ganglia NEAR target organs?

Answer 28

Cranial nerves III, VII, and IX (3, 7, and 9)

Question 29

What cranial nerves in the parasympathetic system will project to ganglia ON target organs?

Answer 29

Cranial nerve X (10) aka the vagus nerve

Question 30

What other nerve (not cranial) in the parasympathetic system will project to ganglia ON target organs?

Answer 30

pelvic nerve (from the sacral spinal cord)

Question 31

Cranial nerve III

Answer 31

oculomotor nerve

Question 32

Cranial nerve VII

Answer 32

facial nerve

Question 33

Cranial nerve IX

Answer 33

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 34

Cranial nerve X

Answer 34

vagus nerve

Question 35

What three organs do the parasympathetic fibers of CNN III, VII, and IX innervate?

Answer 35

lacrimal glands, eye, and salivary glands (from 4 ganglia)

Question 36

Which cranial nerve branches and synapses on two different ganglia?

Answer 36

Cranial nerve VII (for salivary and lacrimal gland)

Question 37

Which cranial nerve innervates the eye?

Answer 37

Cranial nerve III

Question 38

Which salivary glands are innervated by the facial (VII) nerve?

Answer 38

mandibular and sublingual

Question 39

Which salivary glands are innervated by the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?

Answer 39

parotid and zygomatic/buccal

Question 40

What percent of parasympathetic outflow is provided by the vagus nerve?

Answer 40

75%

Question 41

Postganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve innervate what organs?

Answer 41

heart, lungs, GI tract from stomach through transverse colon, liver, spleen, pancreas

Question 42

Postganglionic fibers of the pelvic nerve innervate what organs?

Answer 42

bladder, descending colon and rectum, internal and external genitalia