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Histology > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Autonomic Spinal reflex center?

A
  • Intermediomedial nucleus (IMM)
  • Intermediolateral nucleus (IML)
    Found in the Lateral horn of the spinal cord (para, symp)
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2
Q

Lamina I

A
  • Marginal Zone (Posteromarginal nucleus)
  • Input from Lissauer’s Tract
  • Pain / Temp (nociceptive)
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3
Q

Lamina II

A
  • Substantia Gelatinosa (Rolando)
  • Direct input from Dorsal sensory nerves
  • Modulation of Pain reception
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4
Q

Lamina III, IV, V

A
  • Nucleus Proprius
  • Carries Sensory info
  • Light touch / Pain / Temp
    (V: Pain processing for Joints, Muscles, Skin)
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5
Q

What Laminas make up the Dorsal horn?

A

Laminas I to IV

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6
Q

Lamina V, VI

A
  • Sensory afferent info
  • Skin, Muscle, Joint (mechano-R)
    Proprioception
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7
Q

Lamina VII

A
  • Clark’s Column
  • Proprioception (mucles)
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8
Q

What Laminas make up the intermediate zone?

A

Laminas V to VII

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9
Q

Lamina VIII

A
  • Commissural Nucleus of Lenhossek
  • Interneurons
  • Axons cross in white commissure
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10
Q

Lamina IX

A
  • Large Motor neurons (a/y)
  • Somatic / Visceral Motor-N
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11
Q

Lamina X

A

Grey matter around the central canal

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12
Q

Protopathic Sensibility

A
  • Crude touch
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
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13
Q

Proprioceptive Sensibility

A

Detection of movement & position of joints/muscles

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14
Q

Epicritic Sensibility

A
  • Fine touch
  • Vibration
  • Two-point discrimination
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15
Q

Extrafusal muscle fiber

A
  • Regular skeletal muscle fiber
  • Innervated by a-Motor neuron
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16
Q

Intrafusal muscle fiber

A
  • Fibers inside muscle spindles for stretch detection
  • Innervated by y-Motor neuron
17
Q

Proprioceptive reflex

A

Protects muscles from overstretch to help maintain balance
e.g: Patellar reflex

18
Q

What is the receptor in Proprioception?

A

Muscle spindles’ intrafusal fibers have type Ia sensory neurons that wrap around the spindles
(annulospiral nerve endings)

19
Q

Collateral inhibition

A

When a muscle in contracted that nerve also sends a signal to the inhibitory interneuron in the S.C to inhibit the antagonist muscle from opposing the action
(Antagonistic muscle pairs)

20
Q

Gamma-Loop

A

Stimulation of y-Motor neurons causing intrafusal fibers to contract/shorten causing which activates Spinal Proprioceptive reflex causing a-Motor neuron activation and more contraction

21
Q

Renshaw Cells

A

Prevent over-activation of a-Motor Neurons by activation of the Renshaw cell directly by the a-Motor neuron, or by Ia inhibitory interneurons.

22
Q

Golgi-Tendon Organ

A

Sends sensory signals (from tendon overstretch) to S.C using Ib sensory neurons to Ib inhibitory interneurons to inhibit a-Motor neurons from overstretching

23
Q

What is the receptor in Nociception?

A

Free Nerve Endings (nociceptors)
e.g Withdrawal Reflex

24
Q

What are motor neurons split into in Medulla?

A
  • Ventrolateral
  • Dorsomedial
25
Q

Ventrolateral motor axons path in Medulla

A

From Nucleus Ambiguous to join the Accessory (XI) and Vagus (X) Nerves

26
Q

Dorsomedial motor axons path in Medulla

A

From Hypoglossal Nucleus to Hypoglossal Nerve

27
Q

What is the only Viscerosensory nucleus for CNs?

A

Solitary nucleus in Medulla

28
Q

Nuclei of the Cerebellum

A
  • Dentate
  • Emboliform
  • Globose
  • Fastigial
    (Dont eat greasy food)
29
Q

Parts of the Cerebellum

A
  • Vesibulocerebellum (oldest)
  • Spinocerebellum
  • Cerebrocerebellum
30
Q

Layers of the Cerebellum

A

1) Inner Granular Layer
2) Purkinje/Ganglionic Layer
3) Outer Molecular Layer

31
Q

What types of cells are in Cerebellar Molecular layer?

A
  • Stellate Cells
  • Basket cells
    (inh. interneurons)
32
Q

What types of cells are in Cerebellar Granular layer?

A
  • Granule cells (glutamate only)
  • Golgi cells
33
Q

What are the largest neurons in the CNS

A

Purkinje cells in Cerebellum

Histology (10 decks)

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