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Histology > 2nd Sem M2 > Flashcards

2nd Sem M2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the Auricle innervated by?

A

Facial Nerve

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2
Q

Solar Elastosis

A

Damage to skin Dermis by UV causing black-stained masses of disorganized fibers

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3
Q

Blood supply of Auricle

A
  • Supf. Temporal A
  • Ant. Auricular A
  • Post. Auricular A
    (ECA)
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4
Q

Innervation of External acoustic canal

A
  • Auriculotemporal N
  • Facial N
  • Glossopharyngeal N
  • Auricular Br. of Vagus
    (GAFAX)
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5
Q

Subdivisions of Tympanic Cavity

A

1) Epitympanum
2) Mesotympanum
3) Hypotympanum

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6
Q

Posterior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Mastoid Wall
- Aditus to mastoid antrum
- Pyramidal Eminence (stapedius)
- Canaliculus for Chorda Tympani
- Fossa Incudis
- Lat. semicircular canal

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7
Q

Inferior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Jugular Wall
- Opening of Tympanic Canaliculus
- Tympanic N. of CN9 to medial wall

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8
Q

Superior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Tegmental Wall
- Tegmen Tympani
- Groove for Lesser Petrosal N.

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9
Q

Anterior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Carotid Wall
- Caroticotympanic canaliculi
- Caroticotympanic nn. (symp.)
- Tympanic branches of ICA
- Musculotubarian canal
- Chochleariform Process

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10
Q

Medial wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Labyrinthine Wall
- Promontory
- Tympanic Plexus
- Fenestra Vestibuli
- Fenestra Cochleae
- Prominence of Facial Canal

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11
Q

Lateral wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Membranous Wall
- Anterior/Posterior Malleolar Folds
- Pars flaccida & Pars tensa

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12
Q

What makes up the Tympanic Plexus

A
  • Tympanic N. (CN 9)
  • Caroticotympanic nn. (symp.)
  • Communicating Br. of Facial N.
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13
Q

What forms the Lesser Petrosal nerves

A

Secretomotor Fibers
- Out: Foramen ovale
- To: Otic ggl.
(auriculotemp. n. to parotid gland)

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14
Q

Ossicular Chain

A

1) Malleus
2) Incus
3) Stapes

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15
Q

Ligaments of Ossicles

A
  • Malleus = 3 Ligaments
  • Incus & Stapes = 1 Ligament each
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16
Q

Which Ligament connects to Fossa Incudis

A

Posterior Ligament of Incus

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17
Q

What Ligament Borders Prussak’s Space

A

Lateral Malleolar Ligament

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18
Q

Annular Ligament

A

Attaches the foot/base of Stapes to the Fenestra Vestibuli (Oval window)

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19
Q

1st Ossicular Articulation

A

Incudomalleolar Joint
- Head of Malleus
- Body of Incus
- Saddle-shaped

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20
Q

2nd Ossicular Articulation

A

Incudostapedial Joint
- Lenticular process of Incus
- Head of Stapes

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21
Q

Specifics of Ossicular articulations

A
  • Covered by articular (Hyalin) Cartilage
  • Synovial membrane Capsules
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22
Q

Tensor Tympani Muscle

A
  • Tenses Tympanic Membrane
  • Pushes Stapes footplate into Oval window
  • Inn: Mandibular N.
  • From cartilaginous part of tube to handle of Malleus
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23
Q

Stapedius Muscle

A
  • Helps damp down excessive sound vibration
  • Opposes action of Tensor Tympani
  • Stapedial N. of CN8
  • From Pyramidal eminence to neck of stapes
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24
Q

Chorda Tympani Path

A

1) Enters tympanic cavity through posterior canaliculus
2) Crosses over upper part of handle of Malleus
3) Exits through anterior canaliculus
4) Exits skull at petrotympanic fissure

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25
Q

Chorda Tympani Sensation

A
  • Parasympathetic fibers to Submandibular and Sublingual glands (via submandibular ggl.)
  • Taste fibers from anterior 2/3 of Tongue
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26
Q

Blood Supply of Tympanic Cavity

A
  • Caroticotympanic A. (ICA)
  • Stylomastoid A. (post. auric.)
  • Inf. Tympanic A. (asc. pharyng)
  • Post. Tympanic A. (stylomastoid)
  • Ant. Tympanic A. (maxillary)
  • Sup. Tympanic A. (mid. mening)
  • Deep Auricular A. (maxillary)
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27
Q

Recesses in Vestibule

A
  • Elliptic Recess (Utricle)
  • Spheric Recess (Saccule)
  • Cochlear Recess
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28
Q

What duct is found in the Utricle/Elliptic recess

A

Endolymphatic Duct / Vestibular Aqueduct

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29
Q

What connects the Cochlear duct to Saccule?

A

Ductus Reuniens

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30
Q

Perilymph

A
  • Fills bony labyrinth around the membranous labyrinth
  • Mechanical Protection
  • Produced by Periosteum Vessels
  • Interstitial fluid
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31
Q

Endolymph

A
  • Fills membranous labyrinth
  • Produced by Stria Vascularis (cochlea)
  • Intracellular Fluid
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32
Q

Cells of Stria Vascularis

A
  • Marginal Cells (Darker)
  • Basal Cells
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33
Q

What covers the basilar membrane?

A

Layer of squamous perilymphatic cells

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34
Q

Vestibular/Reissner’s membrane composition

A

2 Layers of squamous epithelium separated by a basal lamina (may contain collagen fibers)

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35
Q

Blood Supply of Labyrinth

A

1) Labyrinthine A.
2) - Common Cochlear A
- Ant. Vestibular A
3) CCA –> - Spiral A
Vestibulocochlear A

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36
Q

Cochlea Specialized Neuroepithelia

A

Corti-Organ

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37
Q

Saccula/Utricle Specialized Neuroepithelia

A

Static Receptors

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38
Q

Semicircular ducts Specialized Neuroepithelia

A

Kinetic Receptors

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39
Q

Functions of Vestibular System

A
  • Perception of movement and orientation in space
  • To maintain equilibrium
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40
Q

Ampullary Crest

A
  • In Semicircular ducts
  • Angular acceleration (rotation)
  • Kinetic receptors
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41
Q

Macula

A
  • In Saccule & Utricle
  • Perpendicular to each other
  • Linear acceleration (gravity)
  • Static receptors
42
Q

Types of sensory cells in Macula

A

Vestibular sensory cells
- Type 1: Bottle-shaped
- Type 2: Cylindrical

43
Q

Cilia arrangement in Macula

A

Opposite arrangement of Kinocilia on 2 sides of Striola
- Utricle: Kinocilia towards striola
- Saccule: Kinocilia away from striola

44
Q

What types of Neurons in Spiral ggl

A

Bipolar Neurons
- Organ of Corti
- Cochlear N

45
Q

Modiolus Canals

A
  • Longitudinal canals
  • Spiral Canals
46
Q

Vestibular membrane function

A

Squamous cells with Tight junctions to preserve ionic gradient bw Perilymph and Endolymph

47
Q

Stria Vascularis function

A

Stratified epithelium responsible for production and maintenance of Endolymph.
Encloses capillary network pumping fluid and K+ as endolymph.

48
Q

Spiral limbus function

A

Covered by Interdental cells that produce the tectorial membrane

49
Q

Stereocilia of Hair cells

A
  • Inner hair cell stereocilia float freely
  • Outer hair cell sterocilia embedded in tectorial membrane
50
Q

Other name for Outer phalangeal cells (Corti)

A

Deiters

51
Q

What causes activation of Hair cells?

A

Mechanosensitive K+ Channels

52
Q

Where is 95% of acoustic information transduced from

A

Inner hair cells (true sensory)
OHC are to amplify signal

53
Q

What makes up Cilia of Hair cells in Macula

A

1 Kinocilia
40-100 Stereocilia

54
Q

Maculae Cribrosae

A
  • Sup. Macula cribrosa: Utricular n, ant/lat ampullary n
  • Medial Macula cribrosa: Saccular n
  • Inf. Macula cribrosa: Post. Ampullary n
55
Q

Superior Oblique inn.

A

CN4

56
Q

Lat. Rectus Inn

A

CN6

57
Q

What does CN3 innervate?

A
  • Levator palpebrae sup.
  • Sup/Med/Inf Rectus
  • Inf. oblique
58
Q

Walls of the eye

A

1) External Fibrous coat
2) Middle Vascular coat
3) Inner Nervous coat

59
Q

Layers of the Tunica Fibrosa Sclera

A

1) Stratum Episclerale
2) Substantia propria (Tenon)
3) Lamina suprachoroidea

60
Q

Layers of the Tunica Fibrosa Cornea

A

1) Epithelium Corneae (ant.)
2) Ant. limiting membrane (Bowman’s) - UV protection
3) Substantia propria (stroma)
4) Post. limiting membrane (Descemet’s) - mech protection
5) Endothelium of ant. chamber
AVASCULAR

61
Q

What cells are found in T. Fibrosa bw collagen lamellae?

A

Keratocytes
(Parallel or Perpendicular)

62
Q

What collagen type in Cornea Stroma

A

Type I

63
Q

Layers of the Tunica Vascularis Choroid

A

1) Suprachoroid layer (Haller’s Space)
2-3) Lamina Vascularis
4) Choriocapillary Layer
5) Vitreal layer (Bruch’s)

64
Q

Layers of the Tunica Vascularis Ciliary Body

A

1) Supraciliary Layer
2) Ciliary muscle (oculomotor n)
3) Vascular layer
4) Ciliary epithelium (ciliary part of retina)

65
Q

Layers of the Tunica Vascularis Iris

A

1) Endothelium of ant chamber
2) Stroma (mm, melanocytes)
3) Stratum pigmenti iridis

66
Q

Types of muscle Fibers in Ciliary Body

A
  • Meridional fibres (Brūcke)
    -Circular fibers (Müller)
67
Q

What produces aqueous humor?

A

Ciliary processes to the posterior chamber

68
Q

What drains aqueous humor?

A

Fontana’s space to Schlemm’s canal
In corneo-scleral Limbus

69
Q

Layers of the Lens

A

1) Lens capsule
2) Anterior epithelium
3) Cortex of Lens
4) Lens Nucleus

70
Q

What holds lens?

A

Zonular Fibers from ciliary body

71
Q

What type of cells in Lens?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium ONLY Anteriorly
(Basal membrane layer capsule above)

72
Q

Glial cells in Retina

A
  • Horizontal cells
  • Amacrine cells
  • Müller cells (Supporting)
73
Q

Retina Layers how many?

A

10 Layers

74
Q

Retina Layer names

A

1) Pigmented Epithelium
2) Cones & Rods
3) Ext. Limiting membrane
4) Ext. nuclear layer
5) Ext. Synaptic Layer (Plexiform)
6) Int. Nuclear Layer
7) Int. Synaptic Layer (Plexiform)
8) Ganglion Cell Layer
9) Optic N fibers
10) Int. Limiting membrane

75
Q

Border between sensitive and non sensitive parts of Retina?

A

Ora Serrata

76
Q

What is the name of area where optic fibers leave eye?

A

Area Cribrosa

77
Q

What Vessels can be seen Near optic nerve on slide?

A
  • Central Retinal A (with nerve)
  • Ciliary A br of Opthalmic (further)
78
Q

What connects the Pituitary to the Hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum

79
Q

Blood Supply of the Pituitary gland

A
  • Sup. Hypophyseal A. (ICA)
  • Inf. Hypophyseal A. (Circle of Willis)
80
Q

Divisions of Pituitary

A
  • Neurohypophysis
  • Adenohypophysis
81
Q

Neurohypophysis

A
  • Posterior Pituitary
  • No hormone production
  • Neuronal Tissue
82
Q

Adenohypophysis

A
  • Anterior Pituitary
  • Hormone Production
  • Glandular Tissue
83
Q

Magnocellular Cells

A
  • In Paraventricular & Supraoptic Nuclei
  • Axons sent through Pituitary stalk to Neurohypophysis
  • Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Tract
84
Q

Expressed Hormones in Magnocellular Neurons

A
  • Vasopressin (ADH)
  • Oxytocin
85
Q

What Carries Hormones of Magnocellular Neurons?

A
  • Neurophysin 1 = Oxytocin
  • Neurophysin 2 = Vasopressin
86
Q

Where are Hormones stored before release?

A

Herring Bodies

87
Q

What do Herring Bodies store?

A

Oxytocin and ADH produced by Hypothalamus

88
Q

Parvocellular System Nuclei

A
  • Periventricular
  • Paraventricular
  • Preoptic
  • Arcuate Nuceli
89
Q

Parvocellular System

A

Cellular release of Hormones into the Portal Circulation

90
Q

Flow of Blood with Hormones in Pituitary

A

1) Primary Capillary system established by sup/inf hypophyseal arteries
2) Secondary capillary bed forms to anterior pituitary through portal veins
3) Blood carying hormones exits via Hypophyseal Vein

91
Q

Chromophobes

A
  • Dont stain
  • Dont produce Hormone now
  • Already secreted hormone
92
Q

Acidophils

A
  • Somatotroph (GH releasing)
    -Lactotroph (Prolactin secretion)
93
Q

Basophils

A
  • Thyrotrophs (TSH)
  • Gonadotrophs (LH & FSH)
  • Corticotropes (ACTH)
94
Q

Where is the Sole source of Cholinergic Innervation of Cortex?

A

Nucleus Basalis of Meynert

95
Q

Parts of the Adenohypophysis

A
  • Pars Distalis
  • Pars Tuberalis
  • Pars Intermediata
96
Q

Meyer’s Loop

A

Inferior Retinal fibers from LGB
(Temporal)

97
Q

Barum’s Loop

A

Superior Retinal fibers from LGB
(Parietal)

98
Q

What does Neurohypophysis develop from?

A

Floor of the Diencephalon

99
Q

What makes up 25% of Neurohypophysis?

A

Pituicytes
(type of astrocyte)

100
Q

What does Adenohypophysis develop from?

A

Hypophyseal placodes

100
Q

Spongiosa scelae

A
  • Iridocorneal angle
  • Trabeculae
  • Fontana’s spaces

Histology (10 decks)

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