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To Revise > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Rx of ischaemic stroke
Including time windows

A

If <4.5hrs give alteplase
If beyond, give aspirin 300mg
If <6 thrombectomy

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2
Q

Medication used to treat idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

acetozolamide

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3
Q

Sx and signs of IIH

A

whooshing sound
headaches
b/l papilloedema
intermittent visual loss
obesity

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4
Q

what medication should be prescribed in all cases of suspected encephalitis and to cover for what

A

acyclovir
cover for HSV (cause of 95% of encephalitis in the UK)

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5
Q

rx of myasthenia crisis

A

IV Immunoglobulins
ITU for breathing support

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6
Q

first line drugs for muscle spasticity in MS

A

baclofen and gabapentin

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7
Q

first line ix for suspected acoustic neuroma

A

audiogram and gadolinium enhanced Mri head

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8
Q

is ophthalmoplegia observed in mnd

A

nope, eyes are typically spared

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9
Q

what must be measured regularly in pts with MG

What is the target

what is rx plan if below target

A

FVC every 4 hrs

> 20ml/kg

contact ITU for respiratory support

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10
Q

cause of subacute degeneration of the cord

A

B12 deficiency

  • crohns
  • pernicious anaemia
  • NO
  • vegans
  • chronic pancreatitis
  • wernickes encephalopathy
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11
Q

presentation of wernickes encephalopathy

A

confusion, ophthalmoplegia, difficult with balance
may have ascites

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12
Q

triad of Parkinson’s

A

rigidity
tremor
bradykinesia

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13
Q

common GI issues in Parkinson’s

A

constipation and volvulus

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14
Q

ix for Gillian barre

A

lumbar puncture - + proteins
nerve conduction studies

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15
Q

what response failure may myasthenia develop

A

type 2

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16
Q

airway adjunct in seizures

A

NPA

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17
Q

lorazepam dose

A

4mg IV

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18
Q

most common type of MS ie its course

A

relapsing remitting

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19
Q

causes of ischaemic stroke

A

afib
valvular heart disease
obesity, htn, carotid athero

20
Q

difference in presentation between ischaemic and haemorrhage stroke

A

haemorragic - reduced GCS and seizures

21
Q

most common cause of deep brain haemorrhage

A

HTN

22
Q

what artery damaged in subdural
who is it common in

A

bridging veins

old, alcoholics

23
Q

rx of brain bleed fy1

A

if on anti coags stop
If on warfarin check INR and reversal if needed
give levetiracetam for seizure prevention

24
Q

what artery damaged in extradural

A

middle meningeal artery

25
Q

extradural classic presentation

A

LOC
Lucid Interval
Confusion +/- LOC

26
Q

cushings reflex triad

A

irregular breathing
wide pulse pressure
bradycardia

27
Q

Pt with a head injury starts to irregularly breathe. What other signs would make this a very concerning case

A

wide pulse pressure
bradycardia

  • bushings reflex - emergency !!!
28
Q

rx of raised ICP - (not idiopathic)

A

iv mannitol
head elevation
controlled hyperventilation

29
Q

how does controlled hyperventilation work in raised ICP

A

reduce CO2 - vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries causing reduced ICP

30
Q

rx of acute relapse of MS

A

high dose steroids

31
Q

rx of bells palsy

A

prednisolone an eye care (as can’t close eye)

32
Q

rx of essential tremor

A

propanolol

33
Q

presentation of guillain barre

A

lower back pain
progressive weakness and peripheral neuropathy
hx of gastroenteritis
hyporeflexia

34
Q

side effects of levodopa

A

dyskinesias: dystonia, chorea, athetosis
postural hypotension
n+v
lossof appetitie
sleep problems

35
Q

where is brocas area
what does brocas do

A

left lateral frontal lobe

actual enunciation of words ie they can think of them but can’t say them

36
Q

Where is wernickes
what wernickes do

A

left posterior aspect of superior temporal lobe

understanding information

37
Q

Vessesl associated with each stroke type

A

TACS - MCA, Internal carotid
PACS - branch of MCA
Lacunar - lenticulostriae
POCS - basilar, PCA, cerebellar, vertebral

38
Q

TACS

A

Homonymous hemianopia
Higher cortical dysfunction
Unilateral motor or sensory loss

39
Q

PACS

A

2/3 of TACS

40
Q

Lacunar

A

Pure motor
Pure sensory
ataxic hemiplegia
Sensorimotor

41
Q

POCS

A

contralateral hemiparesis with ipsilateral cranial nerve

cerebellar - DANISH

isolated homonymous hemianopia

internuclear ophthalmoplegia

b/l motor and/or sensory

42
Q

apart from headache, signs and sx of SAH

A

meninges - photophobia and stiffness
nausea and vomiting
seizures
focal neurology
visual disturbance
collapse

43
Q

signs to test for meningism

A

kernigs and brudzinskis

44
Q

when to perform LP in SAH

A

if a CT >6hrs was normal but clinical suspicion still high. Must wait at least 12 hrs before performing

45
Q

what is the role of nimodipine in SAH

A

reduce vasospasm

46
Q

within how many hrs should a TIA be referred to a specialist

A

24hrs

47
Q
A

To Revise (29 decks)

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