NEURO Flashcards
Confluent white matter lesions - Child
ADEM
MS
Dysmyelinating disease
Treatment-related leukoencephalopathy
Confluent white matter lesions - Adult
Vasculopathy
Demyelinating disease
Neoplasm
Atypical infection
Treatment-related leukoencephalopathy
Sellar/suprasellar Mass - Child
Craniopharyngioma - cystic w/ calcs
Germ cell tumour
Rathke cleft cyst
Optic nerve/Hypothalamic glioma - NF-1
Hypothalamic hamartoma
Posterior Fossa Mass - Child
Medulloblastoma - roof of 4th ventricle, subarachnoid seeding
Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Ependymoma - floor of the 4th ventricle
Brainstem glioma
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour - ATRT
Posterior Fossa Mass - Adult
Infarction
Metastatic disease
Haemangioblastoma
Vascular Malformation
Hypertensive haemorrhage
Calcified Brain Mets
Adenocarcinoma - breast, lung
SCC - lung, cervix
Sarcoma - osteosarcoma
Mucinous adenocarcinoma - colorectal, ovarian
Haemorrhagic Brain Mets
Melanoma
RCC
Choriocarcinoma
Thyroid Ca
Lung Ca
Breast Ca
HCC
Ring-enhancing Lesion
Neoplasm (mets, multicentric glioma, lymphoma)
Abscess
Subacute infarct
Demyelinating disease
Resolving contusion
Toxoplasmosis
Pineal Mass
Pineal cyst
Germ cell tumour - hyperdense, central cals, drop mets
Pineal cell tumour - pineoblastoma vs pineocytoma - periphery cals, drop mets
Tectal plate glioma
Meningioma
Posterior Fossa CSF collection/cyst
Mega cisterna magna
Arachnoid cyst
Dandy-Walker continuum - Dandy walker malformation / variant
Blake Pouch Cyst
Joubert syndrome - vermin hypoplasia
CPA mass
Vestibular Schwannoma
Meningioma
Arachnoid cyst
Epidermoid - high on T2, hypo on flair
Lipoma - chemical shift artefact and fat suppress
Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation
Chiari malformation
Intracranial hypotension
Ependymoma (mimic)
Posterior fossa mass
CSF lined cortical cleft
Schizencephaly - lined by grey matter
Porencephalic cyst - lined by white matter
Encephalomalacia
Enhancing intra-medullary spinal lesion /mass
Ependymoma - ADULTS ; haemosiderin T2 hypointense cap ; cellular (cervical) vs myxopapillary variant (conus, film, caudal equina)
Astrocytoma - CHILD ; cervical most common
Demyelinating disease - usually posterolateral cord
Haemangioblastoma - subpial, dorsal location
Mets - lung, breast, melanoma, lymphoma, RCC
Intradural extramedullary spinal tumour
Nerve sheath tumour - Schwannoma (MOST COMMON, dumb-bell , foramina enlargement, posterior scalloping) vs neurofibroma (target sign)
Meningioma (broad dural base)
Mets - lung, breast, melanoma ; astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, GCT, choroid plexus neoplasm, ependymoma
Lymphoma/ leukaemia
Paraganglioma - T2 hyperintense avidly enhancing mass, inc MIBG activity
Diffuse infiltrating temporal lobe mass/oedema
Herpes encephalitis
Ischaemia/ infarction
Gliomatosis cerebri - diffuse inv 3 or more lobes ; no / minimal enhancement
Limbic encephalitis –> paraneoplastic syndrome - lung, breast ; insidious symptom onset
Status epilepticus
Cortically based cystic temporal lobe mass in patient with seizures
Ganglioglioma -> mixed solid cystic, cortical expansion & bone remodelling
DNET -> bubbly multi cystic w/ cortical dysplasia
Pleomorphic astrocytoma -> cystic with enhancing mural nodule
Taylor dysplasia -> cortical signal abnormality tapering toward the ventricles
Intraparenchymal haemorrhage
Haemorrhage infarct
Vascular malformation & ass aneurysm ; popcorn appearance on MR
Haemorrhagic neoplasm –> GBM ; lung, breast, RCC, thyroid, melanoma
Contusion
Cerebral amyloid disease
Corpus Callosum Lesion
Demyelinating disease
Neoplasm - GBM, Lymphoma
Ischaemia/oedema Diffuse axonal injury
Toxic demyelination - Marchiafava-Bignami
Subependymal Nodules
Tuberous Sclerosis
Heterotopic Grey Matter
TORCH infection - esp CMV
Metastatic disease
Intraventricular Mass
Meningioma
Choroid plexus tumour
Central neurocytoma - soap bubble appearance
Ependymoma/ Subependymoma
SEGA
Cerebellar atrophy
Alcohol abuse
Anticonvulsant therapy
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Multisystem atrophy - hot cross bun in the pons
Ataxia Telengiectasia
Friedreich Ataxia
Spinal cord signal abnormality
Demyelinating disease - posterolateral aspect, little oedema
Transverse myelitis
Intramedullary neoplasm - ependymoma / astrocytoma
Cord contusion
Cord Ischaemia
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord - involves posterior columns in inverted V appearance
Solitary region of cortical and subcortical signal abnormality in an adult
Ischaemia/infarct
Neoplasm
Cerebritis
Contusion
Seizure oedema
Epidural Spinal mass
Disc extrusion
Epidural haematoma
Epidural abscess
Metastatic disease
Epidural lipomatosis
Synovial cyst
Prominent perventricular / basal ganglia cystic lesions
VR spaces
Ischaemia
Infection - crytococcus (basal ganglia - gelatinous pseudocysts) ; Neurocysticercosis ( vesicular - scolex - cyst with dot sign ; colloidal & granular - ring and nodular enhancement with oedema ; nodular - calcification)
Mucoplysaccharidosis
Neuroepithelial cyst
Cystic neoplasm
Clot
Acute: Isointense T1 ; High T2
Subacute: Low T1
