GI

Question 1

Hyperdense liver

Answer 1

Iron deposition
Amiodarone therapy
Glycogen storage disease

Question 2

Nodular liver contour

Answer 2

Cirrhosis
Treated Mets –> Pseudocirrhosis -> treated breast, lung, colorectal mets
Budd-Chiari Syndrome - chronic hepatic venous occlusive disease
Schistosome –> turtleback cals due to calcified eggs along portal tracts
Confluent hepatic fibrosis

Question 3

Oesophageal diverticulum

Answer 3

Prox oesopageal pulsion diverticulum : Zenker (midline defect, abv crico
muscle) ; Killian-Jamieson (lateral defect, at crico muscle
Distal oesophageal pulsion diverticulum
Mid oesophageal traction diverticulum
Intramural pseudodiverticulosis –> ass with dysmotility / strictures

Question 4

Solitary/Mulitple hypointense, hypovascular liver mass

Answer 4

Cyst (inc biliary hamartoma & cystadenoma)
Solitary mets –> peripheral rim enhancement
Abscess
Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma –> ass w/ overlying capsular retraction

Question 5

CHILD - RUQ Cystic Mass

Answer 5

Choledocal anomaly
Pancreatic pseudocyst
GI duplication cyst / diverticulum
Ovarian cyst
Mesenteric cyst

Question 6

Oesophageal submucosal mass/thickened folds

Answer 6

Varices
Reflux oesophagitis
Varicoid oesophageal carcinoma
Lymphoma

Question 7

Oesophageal dilatation

Answer 7

Achalasia –> primary vs secondary (chagas)
Scleroderma
Oesophageal/gastric carcinoma
Oesophagitis with stricture
Post-surgical changes

Question 8

Oesophageal pseudodiverticula

Answer 8

Reflux oesophagitis
Candida oesophagitis
Superficial spreading carcinoma
Drug-induced oesophagitis

Question 9

Oesophageal Ulcers

Answer 9

Reflux oesopahgitis
Viral oesophagitis. -> CMV, HIV, HSV
Drug-induced oesophagitis
caustic oesophagiitis
oesophageal carcinoma

Question 10

Solid Pancreatic mass

Answer 10

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Islet cell Tumour –> hypervascualr
Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm
Lymphoma
Mets

Question 11

Linitis Plastica –> diffuse infiltrative gastric wall thickening

Answer 11

Gastric carcinoma
Metastatic disease
Lymphoma
Crohn’s disease –> ram horn appearance

Question 12

Gastric Ulcer

Answer 12

Peptic ulcer disease
Gastric carcinoma
Lymphoma
Metastatic disease
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Question 13

Gastric Fold Thickening

Answer 13

Gastritis
Gastric Carcinoma
Lymphoma
Metastatic disease
Menetrier disease

Question 14

Caecal Mass

Answer 14

Appendicitis/appendiceal Mass
Caecal/ appendice carcinoma
Mucocoele of the Appendix –> if ruptures leads to pseudomyxoma peritonei
Lymphoma
Adnexal Mass

Question 15

Mesenteric Mass

Answer 15

Metastatic disease
Carcinoid tumour
Desmoid tumour / fibrosing mediastinitis –> ass with FAP, cranial osteomas –> Gardner’s syndrome
Reactive lympadenoapthy –> TB, MAI, Whipple give mesenteric adenopathhy with central low attenuation
Abdominal mesothelioma

Question 16

Terminal ileal wall thickening

Answer 16

IBD
Infection
lymphoma
ischaemia
mets

Question 17

Colonic wall thickening

Answer 17

Infections
IBD
Colon Ca
Ischaemia

Question 18

Small bowel wall thickening

Answer 18

Crohn disease
Lymphoma
Bowel wall oedema
Small bowel wall haemorrhage
Mets
Whipple disease - bacterial infection - gives chronic diarrhoea, artralgia, malabsorption

Question 19

SHORT OESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE

Answer 19

Reflux
Drug-induced
Malignancy

Question 20

LONG OESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE

Answer 20

Iatrogenic
Caustic
Radiation

Question 21

Small bowel dilatation

Answer 21

Small bowel obstruction
Adynamic ileus
Celiac sprue –> reversal of jejunal and ill folds, dilution of barium due to hyper secretion, transient intussusception
Scleroderma –> crowding of folds - hidebound bowel, anti mesenteric small bowel pseudosacculations

Question 22

Cystic pancreatic lesion

Answer 22

Pancreatic pseudocysts
Mutinous cystadenoma –> tail, large >2cm, peripheral calcs, need resection
Serous cystadenoma –> dad, small <2cm with honeycomb appearance, central calcs ; ass with von hippie Lindau
Intraductal papillary mutinous neoplasm
Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm

Question 23

Liver mass with central Scar

Answer 23

Haemangioma - discontinuous peripheral nodular enhancement with delayed central filling
FNH - low density central scar which fills on delayed imaging ; hyper intense on t2
HCC
Hepatic adenoma
Hypervascular Mets

Question 24

Large bowel dilatation

Answer 24

Large bowel obstruction
Volvulus
Colonic pseudo-obstruction
Toxic megacolon

Question 25

Intrahepatic Biliary ductal strictures

Answer 25

Primary sclerosis colangitis
Ascending cholangitis
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cholangiopathy