GU

Question 1

Solid renal mass

Answer 1

RCC - hypervascular
Oncocytoma
AML

Question 2

Multiple bilateral renal lesions/massess

Answer 2

Lymphoma
Renal infection
RCC
Angiomyolipoma
Metastasis

Question 3

Cystic renal mass

Answer 3

Complex renal cyst
Cystic neoplasm
Mutilocular cystic neuroma - complex cystic mass wit enhancing separations which extends to the renal pelvis
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
Abscess

Question 4

Retroperitoneal Mass

Answer 4

Retroperitoneal haemorrhage
Lymphadenopathy
Retroperitoneal abscess
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Retroperitoneal sarcoma

Question 5

Cortical nephrocalcinosis

Answer 5

Acute renal cortical necrosis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Oxalosis
Chronic transplant rejection
Alport syndrome

Question 6

Medullary Nephrocalcinosis

Answer 6

Hypercalcaemia
Medullary sponge kidney -> idiopathic ecstasies of the renal tubules–> urinary stasis and stone formation
Renal tubular acidosis
Papillary necrosis –> ureteral filling defects, lobster claw and ball-on-tee of the renal pyramids on IVP
Lasix
TB

Question 7

Striated Nephrogram

Answer 7

Pyelonephritis
Urinary obstruction
Renal vein trombosis
Renal contusion
Hypotension

Question 8

Papillary necrosis

Answer 8

Diabetes
Analgesia nephropaty
Pyelonephritis
Sickle cell anaemia
Urinary obstruction
Renal vein Thrombosis

Question 9

Staghorn Calculus

Answer 9

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Pyonephrosis with obstructing stone
Calcified neoplasm

Question 10

Renal Cortical Defect

Answer 10

Reflux nephropathy
Chronic pyelonephritis
Renal infarct
Vasculitis
Partial nephrectomy

Question 11

Renal Pelvic Mass

Answer 11

Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Multilocular cystic Nephroma
Medullary carcinoma
RCC

Question 12

Medial Deviation of the ureters

Answer 12

Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Psoas muscle hypertrophy
Pelvic lipomatosis
Post operative Retrocaval ureter

Question 13

Ureteral Filling Defects

Answer 13

TCC
Radiolucent Calculi -> uric acid, xanthine stones (if on chemotherapy / gout) or indinavir stone (HIV meds)
Blood clot
Pyeloureteritis cystica
Fungus ball
Mets

Question 14

Weigert-Meyer Rule

Answer 14

Lower pole –> prone to reflux, inserts normal
Upper pole –> prone to obstruct, inserts inferomedially

Question 14

Bladder Filling Defect

Answer 14

TCC
Fungus ball
Blood clot
Radiolucent calculi
Extrinsic compression

Question 15

Bilateral renal cysts

Answer 15

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic kidney disease
End stage renal disease
VHL
TS

Question 16

Pear-shaped Bladder

Answer 16

Pelvic haematoma
Lymphadenaopthy
Pelvic lipomatosis
Psoas hypertropy
Iliac artery aneurysm

Question 17

Bladder Rupture

Answer 17

Extraperitoneal –> accumulate in the perivesical and prevesical space in a molar tooth appearance ; ass with pelvic fractures
Intraperitoneal –> bowel loops surrounded by contrast ; blunt trauma ; surgical management

Question 18

Phaeochromocytoma

Answer 18

HIGH T2 signal

Question 19

Dilated ureter

Answer 19

Urethral obstruction
Reflux
Primary Megaureter
Prune Belly Syndrome

Question 20

Urethral Stricture

Answer 20

Urethral trauma
Post-infectious/inflammatory stricture - usually the bulbous urethra
Urethral carcinoma - SCC