Head and Neck Imaging Flashcards
Enhancing orbital mass
Cavernous haemangioma
Lymphatic malformation
Meningioma
Mets - breast mets may result in exophthalmos due to desmoplastic reaction
Lymphoma
Nerve sheath tumour
Cavernous Enhancement / Mass
Meningioma - encases and narrows the ICA
Schwannoma
Pituitary macroadenoma - encases but does not narrow the ICA
Tolosa-hunt syndrome - related to orbital pseudo tumour
Carotid cavernous fistula
Perineural spread of tumour/infection
Aggressive sinus disease with Bone destruction
Invasive fungal sinusitis
Granulomatous disease
Sinonasal carcinoma
Lymphoma
Cocaine use
Unilateral parotid mass
Pleomorphic adenoma - bright on T2
Warthin tumour
Parotid carcinoma - mucoepidermoid, adenoid cystic carcinoma
Lymphadenopathy
Brachial cleft cyst
Bilateral parotid mass
Lymphadenopathy
Warthin tumour
Sjögren’s syndrome –> lymphocytic infiltration of glandular tissue ; parotid gland enlargement, keratoconunctivitis sicca, xerostomia
Lymphoepithelial lesions
Sarcoidosis - gallium scan will show panda sign
Orbital extra-ocular enlargement
Thyroid associated orbitopathy
Orbital pseudotumour –> involvement of the cavernous sinus is known as Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
Infectious myositis
Neoplasm
Sarcoidosis
Vascular congestion
Pharyngeal Mucosal Mass
SCC - arises from fossa of rosenmuller and may obstruct the Eustachian tube
Infection/Abscess
Lymphoma
Thornwalt Cyst
Minor salivary gland tumour
Masticator space mass
Infection/abscess
Sarcoma
Venolymphatic malformation - avidly enhance and contain flow voids on T2
Nerve sheath tumour
Haemangioma
Carotid Space Mass
Paraganglioma –> carotid body tumour / glomus vagale ; calc and flow voids -> salt and pepper appearance
Nerve sheath Tumour
Vascular abnormality
Lymphadenopathy
Retropharyngeal mass
Infection/ abscess
Nodal mets
Lymphoma
Venolymphatic malformation
Clival Mass
Metastasis
Chordoma
Chondrosarcoma
Invasive pituitary macro adenoma
Plasmacytoma
Meningioma
Vascular neck Injury
Dissection
Pseudoaneurysm - ovoid in appearance and located at the distal aspect of a stenotic segment - doppler - to and fro appearance - ying yang
Vascular Occlusion
Arteriovenous fistula
Globe lesion in a Child
Retinoblastoma - hyper dense globe with calcs - trilateral with pineal gland involvement ; quadrilateral with suprasellar involvement ; hyperdense, high on t1 , low on t2 with avid enhancement
Persistent hyper plastic primary vitreous - microopthlamia and increased density in the vitreous , no calcs
Coats disease - normal globe size, no calcs ; retinal detachment
Retinopathy of prematurity - secondary to prolonged o2 therapy –> bilateral micro-ophthalmia,
Toxocariasis
Optic nerve enlargement and enhancement
Optic neuritis
Optic nerve glioma - enlargement, elongation, buckling of the optic nerve resulting in dotted i
Optic nerve sheath meningioma - tram track sign
Leukaemia/ lymphoma
Sarcoidosis
Pachymeningeal enhancement
Intracranial hypotension
Mets
Pachymeningitis
Sarcoidosis
Subdural haemorrhage
Middle ear Mass
Acquired colesteatoma - occurs in Prussic space, blunting of then scutum, ossicular erosion
Facial nerve Schwannoma - enhancing mass within facial nerve canal
Glomus tympanum
Normal vascular variant - aberrant internal carotid artery
Cholesterol granuloma - hyperintense on t1 and t2 due to haemorrhage, possible peripheral rim enhancement
Base of tongue mass in achhild
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Lingual thyroid
Epidermoid /dermoid cyst
Haemangioma
Tonsillar hypertrophy
Venolympatic malformation
Facial nerve enhancement
Normal facial nerve enahncmenet
Bell palsy
Nerve sheath tumour
Facial nerve haemangioma
Perineural spread of tumour
Ramsey Hunt
Floor of mouth mass
SCC
Infection/abscess –> Ludwig angina –> severe, potentially life threatening (due to airway compression) infection with abscess formation inv sublingual, submittal submandibular
Ranula
Venolymphathic malformation
Epidermoid/dermoid cyst
Haemangioma
Aggressive nasal mass in a child/adolescent
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Enthesioneuroblastoma - intracranial extension, dumbbell tumour
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Haemangioma
Sinonasal lymphoma
Inverted papilloma - characteristic linear striations, heterogeneous enhancement
Jugular foramen mass
paraganglioma
Schwannoma
Meningioma
Mets
jugular bulb variants
Petrous apex mass
Colesterol granuloma - bright on t1 and t2
Mucous retention cyst/ mucocoele
Congenital cholesteatoma
Apical petrosisits –> gradenigo syndrome
Neoplasm
Leptomeningeal enhancement
meningitis
leptomeningeal carcinomatosis - lung, breast
neurosarcoidosis
collateral vascular flow -> climbing ivy sign –> atherosclerosis, primary or secondary moyamoya, vasculitis
Subacute infarction
