Neuro Flashcards
Chemical synapses are the primary mechanism by which neurons communicate. They may be either:
Excitatory or inhibitory.
Synaptic transmission involves all of the following except:
Activation of transmitter.
When a neuron is depolarized, what happens?
The chemical transmitter is released.
The single most time–consuming step in the process of synaptic transmission is:
Fusion and exocytosis.
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord that catalyzes the opening of:
Cl- channels.
Nicotinic ACh receptors are typically found in:
Skeletal muscle end plates.
All of the following neurotransmitters may be excitatory except:
Dopamine.
The autonomic nervous system anatomy is generally divided into two primary sections. The organization of the autonomic nervous system is based upon:
Anatomy or chemistry.
The reason that cholinergic discharge is discrete and of short duration is that:
Acetylcholinesterase typically breaks down acetylcholine immediately upon its discharge.
The classic “fear/flight/fight” response is a consequence of widespread noradrenergic discharge and is characterized by:
Lowered threshold in the reticular formation.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is characterized by:
The potential for full recovery.
The primary neurotransmitter deficiency that characterizes the pathophysiology of depression is:
Norepinephrine.
Medical conditions that may predispose to or exacerbate depression include all of the following except:
Hyperparathyroidism.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most commonly- prescribed medication for depression. Mild forms of serotonin syndrome include:
Tremor.
The pathophysiology of seizure disorder can be best described as:
Excessive neuronal discharge.
All of the following can create an increased risk of seizure except:
Hyperglycemia.
Which neurological disorder is characterized by ACh receptors producing an impulse disruption between neuron and neuromuscular junction?
Myasthenia gravis
Approximately three-quarters of patients with myasthenia gravis are found to have:
A thymus disorder.
Demyelination in the peripheral nervous system that is acute in onset may can be due to:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Which two neurological disorders are characterized by demyelination of neurons?
Guillain-Barre and multiple sclerosis
An imbalance of neurotransmitter beginning with a decrease in dopaminergic neurons is the underlying problem in:
Parkinson’s disease.
The pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease is multifactorial. The specific mechanism blamed for memory loss involves:
The limbic pathway.
In order to try to improve memory in the patient with Alzheimer’s disease, pharmacologic therapy targets:
Acetylcholine breakdown.
All of the following is true with respect to chronic pain except:
It is often associated with SNS activity.
The conversion of a pain- producing stimulus to a nerve impulse is known as:
Transduction.
Fast pain receptors are generally described as:
Felt within 0.1 second of the stimulus.
There are two distinct pathways that transmit pain impulses to the central nervous system. A distinct feature of the neospinothalamic tract is that:
The rate of transmission is up to 30 m/sec.
The patient in severe pain is hypersensitive to stimuli and is chronically in a strong state of arousal because of strong arousal in the:
Reticular formation.
Endogenous pain suppression is facilitated by:
Enkephalin neurons.
The cellular pathophysiology of ischemic stroke centers around:
Na+/K+ ATPase failure.
Central nervous system disorders due to excitotoxic injury usually involve which neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
