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Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Which ear structure:

Helps sound localization

A

Auricle

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2
Q

Which ear structure:

Most efficient at directing high frequency sounds to ear

A

Auricle

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3
Q

Which ear structure:

Helps localization

A

Auricle

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4
Q

What is the external auditory canal lined with?

A

Cerumen glands

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5
Q

What is the structure of the outer 1/3rd and inner 2/3rds of external auditory canal?

A

Outer 1/3: Cartilage
Inner 2/3: Mastoid bone

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6
Q

What is the function of the auditory external canal?

A

Increase sound pressure at TM by 5-6 dB

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7
Q

Which ear structure converts acoustic energy into mechanical energy?

A

TM

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8
Q

What does the TM seperate?

A

Barrier to external (outer) and middle ear

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9
Q

What are the 4 main components of hearing?

A

Inner
Middle
Outer Ear
Central Auditory NS

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10
Q

Which bone moves in and out of the oval window of the cochlea?

A

Stapes

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11
Q

Which ear structure aids in balance?

A

Vestibulo… finish

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12
Q

Which ear structures help equalize pressure?

A

Eustachian Tube

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13
Q

which ear structure is the acoustic reflex?

A

Stapedius muscle
Contracts w/ loud noise

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14
Q

Which ear structure connects the stapes to the middle ear?

A

Stapedius muscle

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15
Q

Which ear structure converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?

A

Cochlea

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16
Q

Name the salivary glands. Which is largest?

A

Parotid Gland (largest)
Submandibular Gland
Sublingual Gland

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17
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

Wrapped around the mandibular ramus

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18
Q

Which artery supplies the Parotid Gland?

A

External carotid

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19
Q

Which vessels drain the Parotid Glands?

A

Internal + External Jugular

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20
Q

Which lymph node drains the parotid gland?

A

Preauricular lymph node

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21
Q

Nasal Muscles - Elevator, Depressor, or Compressor?:

Alar Nasaris

A

Depressor

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22
Q

Nasal Muscles - Elevator, Depressor, or Compressor?:

Depressor Septi Nasi

A

Depressor

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23
Q

Nasal Muscles - Elevator, Depressor, or Compressor?:

Transverse Nasalis

A

Compressor

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24
Q

Nasal Muscles - Elevator, Depressor, or Compressor?:

Procerus

A

Elevator

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25
Q

Nasal Muscles - Elevator, Depressor, or Compressor?:

Levator Labii Superioris Alaque Nasi

A

Elevator

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26
Q

Which 4 arteries supply the sellar and dorsal areas of the external nose?

A

Facial artery
Maxillary artery
Ophthalmic Arteries
Infraorbital artery

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27
Q

Which lymph nodes are responsible for posterior drainage of the superior mucosa?

A

Retropharyngeal lymph nodes

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28
Q

Which lymph nodes are responsible for anterior drainage of the superior mucosa?

A

Upper Deep Cervical
Submandibular

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29
Q

CN V

Name

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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30
Q

CN V - 3 branches

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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31
Q

How many cranial bones?

A

8

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32
Q

How many facial bones?

A

14

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33
Q

What does the coronal suture seperate?

A

Parietal and Frontal bones

34
Q

What does the squamous suture seperate?

A

Parietal and temporal bones

35
Q

What does the lambdoid suture separate?

A

Parietal and occipital

36
Q

What does the occipitomastoid suture separate?

A

Occipital and mastoid bone of temporal lobe

37
Q

White Matter or Grey Matter?

Unmyelinated neurons

A

Grey Matter

38
Q

White Matter or Grey Matter?

Myelinated neurons

A

White Matter

39
Q

White Matter or Grey Matter?

Forms deep parts of brain & superficial parts of spinal cord

A

White Matter

40
Q

White Matter or Grey Matter?

Contain glial cells

A

Grey Matter

41
Q

White Matter or Grey Matter?

Contain capillaries and neuron bodies

A

Grey Matter

42
Q

White Matter or Grey Matter?

Send motor & sensory info to interneurons of spinal cord

A

Grey Matter

43
Q

Motor or sensory root:

Leave spinal cord anteriorly

44
Q

Motor or sensory root:

Leave spinal cord posteriorly

45
Q

Basal ganglia is part of which brain structure?

A

Telencephalon

46
Q

Limbic lobe is part of which brain structure?

A

Telencephalon

47
Q

Cerebral Cortex is part of which brain structure?

A

Telencephalon

48
Q

Olfactory Bulb is part of which brain structure?

A

Telencephalon

49
Q

Which structure:

Influences memory formation

A

Limbic system

50
Q

Which structure:

Associates emotional states with stored memories of physical sensation?

A

Limbic system

51
Q

Lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause Primary Agnosia?

52
Q

Lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause decreases tactile and proprioceptive senses?

A

5,6,7
Somatosensory Association Cortex

53
Q

Lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause Astereognosis ?

A

5,6,7
Somatosensory Association Cortex

54
Q

Destructive lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause flaccid paralysis?

A

Area 4
Upper Motor Neuron

55
Q

Irritant lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause seizures?

A

Area 4
Upper Motor Neuron

56
Q

Which Brodmann Area is responsible for fine/skilled motor activity?

A

Area 4 Upper Motor

57
Q

Which Brodmann Area has fine control of voluntary movement and visual fields?

A

6 & 8
Premotor/Supplementary Motor Cortex

58
Q

Lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause contralateral spastic paralysis?

A

6 & 8
Premotor/Supplementary Motor Cortex

59
Q

Lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause Apraxia?

A

6 & 8
Premotor/Supplementary Motor Cortex

60
Q

Destructive lesions to which Brodmann Areas causes visual field cuts?

A

Area 17
Primary Visual Cortex/Calcarine Cortex

61
Q

Irritant lesions to which Brodmann Areas causes visual hallucinations?

A

Area 17
Primary Visual Cortex/Calcarine Cortex

62
Q

Lesions to which Brodmann Areas cause decreased pressure, touch, and proprioception?

A

1,2,3
Primary Somesthetic Cortex/Post Central Gyrus

63
Q

This Brodmann area represents nuclei of the thalamic neurons

A

1,2,3
Primary Somesthetic Cortex/Post Central Gyrus

64
Q

Destructive lesions cause hearing loss in which Brodmann area?

A

Area 41
Primary Auditory Cortex

65
Q

Irritant lesions cause auditory hallucinations in which Brodmann area?

A

Area 41
Primary Auditory Cortex

66
Q

Where is the thalamus located?

A

Diencephalon

67
Q

Where is the epithalamus located?

A

Diencephalon

68
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Diencephalon

69
Q

Where is the subthalamus located?

A

Diencephalon

70
Q

Which brain structure:

Connection between the limbic system and other parts of brain

A

Epithalamus

71
Q

Which brain structure:

Processing Center of Brain

72
Q

Which brain structure:

Coordinates all functional activity of cortex (except olfactory)

73
Q

Which brain structure:

contributes to affectual expression

74
Q

What DOESN’T the thalamus regulate?

A

Olfactory function

75
Q

Which brain structure:

“Integration Center of ANS”

A

Hypothalamus

76
Q

Which brain structure:

Regulates endocrine function and body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

77
Q

Hypothalamus Parasympathetic Activity

Anterior or Posterior?

78
Q

Hypothalamus Sympathetic Activity

Anterior or Posterior?

79
Q

Function of Posterior Hypothalamus (3)

A

Sympathetic flight or flight

Behavior patterns/physical exp
Appestate (feeding center)
Pleasure center

80
Q

Which structure of the diencephalon controls motor function?

A

Subthalamus

81
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate the medulla?

602 (5 decks)

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