lungs last min

Question 1

Name the 3 primary inspiration mucles

Answer 1

External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm

Question 2

Inspiration: External Intercostals

-2 functions
-Aid in which inspiration?
-innervated by?

Answer 2

1. Elevate ribs
2. Expand transverse dimension of thoracic cavity

Quiet or forced inspiration

Intercostal nerves

Question 3

Inspiration: Diaphragm

Innervated by?

Answer 3

Phrenic Nerve

Question 4

Inspiration: Internal Intercostal

-2 functions
-Aid in which inspiration?

Answer 4

1. Depress ribs
2. Decrease transverse dimension of thoracic cavity

Forced inspiration

Question 5

Scalene muscles and SCM

1. Respiration function
2. Aid in which inspiration?

Answer 5

1. elevate ribs 1&2
2. forceful insp

Question 6

What are the muscles of expiration?

Answer 6

Abdominal muscles

Rectus abdominus
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis

Question 7

Control of Respiration

Involuntary or voluntary?

Controlled by what parts of prain

Answer 7

Involuntary

Respiratory centers in pons and medulla

Question 8

What provides the normal stimulus to breath?

which receptors?

Answer 8

CO2 chemoreceptors

Hypercapnia

Co2 build up

Question 9

Hypoxic Drive

Define

Answer 9

respiratory drive

body uses O2 chemoreceptors instead of CO2 receptors to regulate respiration

Question 10

Poland’s Syndrome
Absence of? (3)

4 other signs

Answer 10

congenital absence: pec major/minor, ribs,

breast abnormality,
chest wall depression
syndactyly,
brachydactyly or absence of phalanges

Question 11

Thoracic Outlet Define

Answer 11

where
subclavian artery,
vein &
brachial plexus pass to upper limb

Question 12

Thoracic Outlet Boundary

Answer 12

First rib
clavicle
Scalene muscles

Question 13

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Answer 13

Accessory rib not usually present is present

compress on outlet

Question 14

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Which nerve / SC origins effected?

Answer 14

Ulnar nerve C8-T1

Question 15

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Neurogenic symptoms %
Vascular sxs % and vessels affected

Answer 15

Neuro: 95%
Vasc: 5%
Subclavian artery and vein

Question 16

Rib Fractures:
Most common injured

Answer 16

5th-9th ribs

Question 17

Rib Fx

Most common thing pt do

Answer 17

Splinting posture:
Holding the painful area to limit chest wall movement during inspiration

Question 18

Pneumothorax

Answer 18

Accumulation of air in pleural activity

between parietal and visceral pleura inside the chest

Question 19

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

2 Primary Causes

1 Secondary cause

Where is air accumulating?

Answer 19

Primary: no underlying dz

1. Bleb (imperfection in lining) bursts –> lung deflate
2. Tall thin men (ages 20-40)

Secondary: underlying dz caused it
pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 20

Tension Pneumothorax

1. Define + cause
2. Air direction
3. Pressure
4. Can cause (2)

Answer 20

1. One way valve from penetrating trauma
2. Air can enter but CANT leave
3. ↑ Intrathoracic pressure will collapse lung
   ↑ pressure on mediastinum
4. IVC/SVC Collpase
   mediastinal shift

Question 21

Tension Pneumothorax

Is atmospheric pressure or pleural cavity pressure greater?

Answer 21

pleural cavity pressure

bc air cant escape

Question 22

Open Pneumothorax

Is atmospheric pressure or pleural cavity pressure greater?

Answer 22

Equalized.

Question 23

Hemothorax

Define

Cause

Massive Hemothorax amt ccs

Answer 23

Blood enters pleural space

Penetrating injury or blunt trauma

1500 cc

Question 24

Unilateral Raynaud’s always suspect ______

Answer 24

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Question 25

Order of Heart Electrical Conduction!!!!

6 steps

Answer 25

1. SA Node
2. AV Node
3. Bundle of His (AV Bundle)
4. Bundle Branches
5. R & L Purkinje Fibers
6. Ventricles