Neuro Flashcards
1
Q
What gives taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
A
facial n (CN 7)
2
Q
What gives taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
A
Glossopharyngeal n (CN 9)
3
Q
If Oculomotor n (CN 3) is down then what will occur
A
- inability to elevate eye
- inability to depress eye
- inability to adduct eye
4
Q
If Trochlear n (CN 4) is down then what will occur
A
inability to depress and adduct the eye
5
Q
What muscle does the trochlear n (CN 4) innervate
A
superior oblique
6
Q
What will occur if the Trigeminal n (CN 5) is down
A
- loss of facial sensation
- loss of jaw reflex
- jaw deviation toward side of lesion
- loss of corneal reflex
- loss of masseter and temporalis contraction with active jaw closing
7
Q
What will occur if the Abducens n (CN 6) is down
A
adduction of the eye (due to loss of ability to abduct the eye)
8
Q
What will occur if the Facial N (CN 7) is down
A
- loss of taste to ant 2/3 of tongue
- loss of facial expressions
9
Q
Gag reflex will be impacted by what nerve being down
A
Glosspharyngeal (CN 9) or Vagus n (CN 10)
10
Q
Uvular deviation AWAY from lesion will be seen by what CN being down
A
CN 10: Vagus N
11
Q
Inability to protrude tongue and lateral deviation of tongue TOWARDS the lesion will be seen with what CN being down
A
CN 12: Hypoglossal
12
Q
Which two cranial nerves will have CL deviation (away from side of lesion) when down
A
- Facial (CN 7)
- Vagus (CN 10)
13
Q
Which two cranial nerves will have IL deviation (towards side of lesion) when down
A
- Trigeminal (CN 5)
- Hypoglossal (CN 12)
14
Q
Lack of awareness of the body structure or relationship of body parts
A
Somatoagnosia
15
Q
Severe condition lack of awareness of one’s paralyssi
A
Anosagnosia
16
Q
Cannot recognize objects presented
A
Visual agnosia
17
Q
No idea of how to perform an action (no concept of what to do)
A
Ideational apraxia
18
Q
Can only perform a task automatically and cannot perform it on demand
A
Ideomotor apraxia
19
Q
Clinical findings with Spinal Accessory nerve (CN 11) injury
A
- Decr cervical lordosis
- Downwardly rotated scap
- Lateral winging of scapula
- Neck, shoulder, medial scapular pain
20
Q
What innervates the supraspinatus, infrapsinatus
A
Suprascapular N (C5-C6)
21
Q
What nerve levels are impacted with Erb’s palsy
A
C5-C6
22
Q
What will be seen with suprascapular nerve injury
A
- Dull ache in lateral shoulder
- Atrophy/weakness with supraspinatus and infraspinatus
- Incr scapular elevation with arm elevation
23
Q
What does the Musculocuteaneous nerve (C5-C6) innervate
A
Coracobrachialis, Brachialis, and Biceps brachii
24
Q
What provides sensory input to lateral forearm
A
Musculocutaneous n (C5-C6)
25
What will be seen with injury to Musculocutaneous n (C5-C6)
- Lateral arm sensory changes
- Weakness/atrophy with elbow flexors
- Diminished biceps reflex
26
What does tha axillary n (C5-C6) innervate
- Teres Minor
| - Deltoid
27
What will be seen with axillary n injury
- Axillary pain
- Deltoid area paresthesia
- Atrophy of deltoid and teres minor
- Elevation weakness
- Abd weakness
- ER weakness
28
What innervates serratus
Long thoracic n (C5-C7)
29
What would cause medial winging of scapula nerve wise
Injury to the long thoracic n
30
Crutch use would cause issues with what nerve
Radial N (C6-T1)
31
Posterior interosseous nerve innervatees what and is a branch of what nerve
supintor
| branch of radial n
32
Thenar wasting (ape hand) is seen with what nerve injury
Median n injury (C5-T1)
33
Inability to do the OK sign is weakness with what nerve
Anterior Interosseous n (branch of median)
34
What muscles and nerve does the OK sign (tip to tip) test
FPL and FDP
-Anterior Interosseous n
35
What nerve is injured if you attempt to make a fist and the first 3 fingers do not flex but the last 2 do flex
Median n
36
What neve is injured if at rest the last 2 fingers are flexed and the others are extended
Ulnar n
37
Froment's sign tests what
Ulnar n
| Adductor Pollicis
38
What innervates the adductor pollicis
Ulnar N
39
Inability to extend the PIP/DIP will be seen with a lesion to what nerve
Ulnar N
40
Hypothenar wasting seen with what nerve injury
Ulnar
41
Loss of key pinch grip is called what and means what muscle and nerve is down
Froment's sign
Loss of Adductor Pollicis
Loss of ulnar n
42
What neerve levels of affected with Klumpke's Palsy
C7-T1
43
What is Klumpke's palsy also known as
claw hand
44
What is impacted in Klumpke's palsy
loss of intrinsics of the hand
45
What is the differentiating factor between lateral epicondylitis and posterior interosseous nerve lesion
- No sensory for posterior interosseous nerve lesion
| - Lateral epicondylitis will have true sensory issues due to pain
46
What muscle will subsittue in the loss of musculocutaneous nerve
brachioradialis
47
What nerve innervates the supinator
radial
48
Ape hand = issue with what nerve
median
49
Weakness with elbow flex, wrist ext, and diminished brachioradialis reflex
C6 myotome
50
What nerve is the issue when there is weakness with shoulder abd and ER =
axillary n
51
No tip-to-tip piinch of 1st and 2nd fingers
anterior interosseous n syndrome
52
Weakness with elbow ext and diminished tricpes reflex
C7 or radial n
53
If the L4/L5 disk is herniated which nerve root is more likely to be impacted
L5
54
What is a compensation for weak quads
Forward trunk lean
55
What does the Femoral n (L2-L4) innervate
- Illiopsoas
- Sartorius
- Pectineus
- Quads
Sensory: to medial thigh, medial knee, proximal leg
56
What will be seen with injury to femoral n
- knee buckling
- knee ext weakness
- anterior knee pain
- sensory loss medial aspect of leg
- forward trunk lean (compensatory for weak quads)
57
Saphenous n is a branch of what nerve and where does it supply sensation to
Femoral n
sensory to medial calf
58
Sural n is a branch of what nerve and where does it supply sensation to
tibial n
sensory to lateral calf
59
What will be seen if obturator n is injured
- Loss of hip ER
| - Loss of hip add
60
What innervates gluteus medius, glut min, and TFL (deep muscles)
Superior glueteal n (L4-S1)
61
What innervates glut max
-Inferior gluteal n (L5-S2)
62
What will be seen with inferior gluteal n (L5-S2) injury
posterior trunk lean at IC
63
What will be seen with superior gluteal (L4-S1) n injury
Trendelenburg
64
What innervates TA
deep peroneal n
65
What provides sensory input to first webspace of foot
deep peroneal n
66
foot slap will be seen with injury to what nerve
deep peroneal
67
What provides input to fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
superficial peroneal n
68
What provides input to gastroc/soleus, popliteus, tibilais posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus
Tibial n (L4-S3)
69
What provides sensation to dorsum of foot
superficial peroneal n
70
what will be seen with tarsal tunnel syndrome
weak foot intrinsics
full active ROM but may have pain with foot pronation
71
Weak toe flex and lateral foot paresthesia
tibial n
72
What nerve is impacted if someone has weak eversion
superficial peroneal n
73
Weak DF and sensory loss over first webspace of foot
deep peroneal n
74
1+ patellar tendon reflex, weak hip flex, loss of sensation on medial malleolus
femoral n
75
Occurs during first trimester during utero; fibrosis of muscles; caused by poor movements in early development
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congentia (AMC)
76
What is the cause of Bell's palsy
autoimmune
77
Is full recovery likely for cauda equina syndrome
No
78
Caused by non-closure of neural tube by 28th day of gestation
Spina Bifida
79
What is TOS caused by
- Enlarged first rib
- Tight SCM, scalenes
- Tumor
- Pregnancy
80
SCIs above what level can lead to AD
T6 or higher can be prone to AD
81
What will be seen with Brown Sequard lesion
- CL pain and temp loss
- IL motor loss
- IL loss of fine touch/proprioception
82
What will be seen with central cord syndrome
UE more affected than LE
| Distal more affected than proximal
83
MOI for central cord injury
forced hyperextension
84
MOI for anterior cord injury
flexion or vascular
85
What will be seen with anterior cord syndrome
BL loss of motor
| BL loss of pain and temp
86
What type of bladder seen with a lesion to S2-S4 above conus medullaris (L1)
spastic/hyperreflexive
87
What type of bladder seen with a lesion to S2-S4 below the conus medullaris (L1)
flaccid/areflexive bladder
88
_____ or less on Glasgow coma scale = coma
8 or less
89
What are the 3 categories on the Glasgow coma scale
1. ) Eye opening response
2. ) Best verbal response
3. ) Best motor response
90
UE Flexion Synergy pattern
- Scapular Retraction and elevation
- Shoulder abduction
- Shoulder ER
- Forearm supination
- Wrist flexion
- Finger flexion
91
UE Extension synergy pattern
- Scapular protraction
- Shoulder adduction
- Shoulder IR
- Elbow Ext
- Forearm pronation
- Wrist flexion
- Finger flexion
92
LE Flexion synergy pattern
- Hip flexion
- Hip ER
- Knee flexion
- Ankle DF
- Ankle Inv
- Toe DF
93
LE Extension synergy pattern
- Hip extension
- Hip adduction
- Hip IR
- Knee ext
- Ankle PF
- Ankle Inv
- Toe PF
94
When would be best for someone with MS to have PT
mornings.....due to fatigue in afternoons
95
What position will someone's UE be in if they have Erb's palsy (C5-C6 brachial plexus injury)
"Waiter's tip"
- Scapular depression
- Shoulder ADD
- Shoulder IR
- Elbow extension
- Forearm pronation
96
Supplies the entire medial of the medulla, including the anterior part of the spinal cord
Anterior spinal artery
97
supplies the cerebellum
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
98
Reflex grade:
| No response
0
99
Reflex grade:
| Diminished response; may or may not be abnormal
1+
100
Reflex grade:
| Normal
2+
101
Reflex grade:
| Brisk/exagerrated; may or may not be normal
3+
102
Reflex grade:
| hyperactivie; always abnormal
4+
103
What level does biceps tendon reflex test
C5-C6
104
What level does brachioradialis tendon reflex test
C5-C6
105
What level does Triceps tendon reflext test
C6-C7
106
What level does patellar tendon reflex test
L3-L4
107
What level does Achilles tendon reflex test
S1-S2
108
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C1
Top of skull, N/a
109
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C2
Forehead, N/a
110
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C3
Neck, breathing
111
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C4
Shoulder, shoulder shrug
112
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C5
Radial styloid process, Deltoid
113
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C6
Tip of thumb, Biceps or wrist ext
114
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C7
Tip of middle finger, Triceps or wrist flex
115
Dermatome/Myotome:
| C8
Tip of pinky, thumb ext
116
Dermatome/Myotome:
| T1
Medial forearm, interossei
117
Dermatome/Myotome:
| T2
Subclavicle/armpit area, n/a
118
Dermatome/Myotome:
| T4
Nipple line
119
Dermatome/Myotome:
| T10
Belly button, n/a
120
Dermatome/Myotome:
| T12
ASIS
121
Dermatome/Myotome:
| L1
Upper groin, n/a
122
Dermatome/Myotome:
| L2
Anterior thigh, illiopsoas (h flex)
123
Dermatome/Myotome:
| L3
Knees/medial thigh, quad (knee ext
124
Dermatome/Myotome:
| L4
Medial lower leg, anterior tibilais
125
Dermatome/Myotome:
| L5
Anterior tibial region, extensor hallucis longus (toe ext)
126
Dermatome/Myotome:
| S1
Lateral foot, gastroc (plantar flex)
127
Dermatome/Myotome:
| S2
Posterior thigh, hamstrings
128
Dermatome/Myotome:
| S3
Buttocks, n/a
129
Dermatome/Myotome:
| S4
rectum/anal area, bladder/ rectum
130
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
| No response; unresponsive to any stimuli
1
131
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
Generatlized response; Inconsistent response, non-purposeful, non-specific, few response, and used the same response regardless of stimuli
2
132
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
Localized response; specific response, but inconsistent responses are directly related to the stimulus, may follow commands
3
133
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
Confused-agitated; heighted state of activity, behavior is bizzare, non-purposeful, uncoorperative, incoherent, lacks STM/LTM
4
134
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
Confused-inappropriate; responds to simple commands, unable to learn new info, gross attention but easily distracted, impaired memory
5
135
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
Confused-appropriate; behavior is goal-directed, but dependent on external input/direction, follows simple commands, responses are appropriate to the siutation, past memories have more depth and detail than recent memory, shows carryover for releared tasks
6
136
Are past or more recent memory better remmember from TBI ppl
past
137
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
Automatic; goes thru daily routine in automatic or robot like manner, able to integreate socail activities, shows carryover for new learning
7
138
RLA level of cognitive functioning:
Purposeful; able to recall and integrate past and recent events, is aware of and responsvie to environment, shows carrover for new learning, no supervision necessary once activities are learned
8
139
How old?
Decreased flexion, momentary head elevation with minimal forearm support, tracks a
moving object, head usually to one side, reciprocal and symmetrical kicking, positive support and
primary walking reflexes in supported standing, neonatal reaching, alter, brightening expression.
1 mo
140
How old?
Head elevation to 45° in prone, in prone on elbows with elbows behind shoulders, head
bobs in supported sitting, responses to friendly handling
2 mo
141
How old?
Prone on elbows, weight bearing on forearms, elbows in line with shoulders, head
elevated to 9o°, coos and chuckles, optical and labyrinthine head-righting present.
3 mo
142
How old?
Rolls prone to side, supine to side, sits with support, no head lag in pull to sit, ulnarpalmar grasp, laughs out loud
4 mo
143
How old?
Rolls from prone to supine, weight shifts from one forearm to the other in prone, head
control in supported sitting
5 mo
144
How old?
Prone on hands, with elbows extended, weight shifts from hand to hand, rolls supine to
prone, independent sitting, pulls to stand, bouncing.
6 mo
145
How old?
Can maintain quadruped, pivots on belly, moves body in circle while prone, trunk
rotation in sitting, recognizes tone of voices, may show fear of strangers.
7 mo
146
How old?
Belly crawls, quadruped creeping, side-sitting, pulls to stand through kneeling,
cruises sideways, can stand alone, radial palmar, can transfer objects from one hand to the other
8-9 mo
147
How old?
Begins to walk unassisted, begins self-feeding, neat pincer grasp, can release,
searches for hidden toys, suspicious of strangers, plays patty cake and peekaboo, imitates
10-15 mo
148
How old?
Ascends stairs step to pattern, running more coordinated, jumps off bottom step,
plays make believe
20 mo
149
How old?
Runs well, can go upstairs foot over foot, active, restless, tantrums.
2 years
150
How old?
| Rides tricycle, stands on one foot briefly, jumps with 2 feet, understands sharing
3 years
151
How old?
Hops on 1 foot several times, stands on tiptoes, throws ball overhand, relates to friends
4 years
152
How old?
Skips, kicks ball well, dresses self
5 years
153
What cranial nerves are down if the Corneal reflex is impaired
CN 5 and CN 7
154
What cranial nerves are down if the Gag reflex is impaired
CN 9 and CN 10
155
practicing a single motor task over and over
Blocked practice
156
practice of varied motor skills in which the performer is required to make rapid
modifications of the skill in order to match the demands of the task
variable practice
157
practice of a group or class of motor skills in random order
random practice
158
What to do in cognitive stage of learning
Feedback after every trial, knowledge of
performance and results, practice in stresscontrolled environment, distributed practice or
blocked practice
159
What to do in the associated stage of learning
provide variable feedback
and after errors, assist self-evaluation, encourage
consistency, variable practice, progress towards
changing environment
160
What to do in the autonomous stage of learning
Decision making skills apparent, occasional
feedback when errors present, massed practice,
vary environment
161
relatively continuous practice in which the amount of rest time is small (rest time
less than practice time
massed practice
162
Practice in which the rest time is relatively large
Distributed practice
163
What nerve root innervates deltoid
C5
164
What nerve root innervates trapezius and leavtor scapulae
C4
165
What nerve root innervates biceps
C6
166
What nerve root innervates the tricpes
C7
167
What nerve root innervates the thumb extensors
C8
168
What nerve root innervates the intrinsics of the hand
T1
169
Total cut of the axon. Surgical intervention will be needed to get recovery
Neutotmesis
170
Tranient block caused by stretch or pressure. No wallerian degenration
Neuopraxia
171
Nerve preserved, but axons damaged. Wallerian degneration
Axontmesis
172
What innervates the SCM
CN 11
173
What nerve roots does the suprascapular nerve come from
C5-C6
174
What innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Suprascapular n (C5-C6
175
What will be seen with a suprascapular n (C5-C6) injury
Dull ache lateral shoulder
Atrophy/weakness supraspinatus & infraspinatus
Increased scapula elevation during arm elevation
176
What nerve roots does the musculocutaneous nerve come from
C5-C6
177
What innervates the biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and the brachialis
Musculocutaneous n (C5-C6)
178
What will be seen with a musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) injury
Lateral arm sensory changes
Weakness/atrophy biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Diminished biceps reflex
179
What provides sensation to the lateral arm
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
180
What nerve roots does the axillary nerve come from
C5-C6
181
What innervates the teres minor and deltoid
Axillary n (C5-C6)
182
What will be seen with an axillary nerve (C5-C6) injury
Axillary pain
Deltoid area paresthesia
Atrophy deltoid & teres minor
Elevation weakness
183
What nerve roots does the long thoracic nerve come from
C5-C7
184
What innervates serratus anterior
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
185
What will be seen with a long thoracic nerve injury (C5-C7)
Weak scapular protraction
Weak upward rotation of scapula
Winging of medial scapula
186
Where does the axillary nerve (C5-C6) provide sensory innervation
Proximal lateral arm
187
What will be seen with a radial nerve (C6-T1) injury
```
Triceps weakness
Extensors of forearm weakness
Webspace sensory loss, dorsal hand/forearm
sensory loss
Crutch Use (radial groove of humerus)
Midshaft humeral fracture
```
188
Where does the Radial nerve (C6-T1) provide sensory innervation
Dorsal arm, dorsal forearm, dorsal hand, 1st interosseous space (webspace) thumb.
189
What provides innervation to pronoter teres
Median nerve (C5-T1)
190
What two muscles are used to make the OK sign
Flexor pollicis longus
| Flexor digitorum profundus
191
What nerve is the issue if you are attempting to make a fist and the first three digits do not flex
Median nerve (C5-T1)
192
What will be seen with an ulnar n (C8-T1) injuryrve
```
Ulnar claw
Inability to extend PIP & DIP (lumbricals)
Inability to abduct fingers (interossei)
Inability to adduct thumb (AP)
Weakness with ulnar deviation (FCU)
Hypothenar wasting
Loss of sensation of 4-5th fingers
```
193
What nerve innervates the adductor pollicis
Ulnar N (C8-T1)
194
What will be seen if the last 2 finger and flexed at the PIP/DIP (due to loss of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals)
also hyperextneded at MCP
Ulnar nerve issue (ulnar claw)
195
Pronator teres entrapment is also known as what
anterior interosseous syndrome
196
What nerve injury is likely to present with incorrect use of the axillary bar on crutches
Radial nerve (C5-T1)
197
Saphenous nerve (sensory n) is a branch of what nerve
Femoral n
198
A forward trunk lean is a comepnsation for what
weak quads
199
Femoral n comes from what nerve root levels
L2-L4
200
Where does saphenous n provide sensation to
Medial leg
201
Where does the sural n provide sensation to
Lateral leg
202
What innervates the Iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus, and quads
Femoral n (L2-L4)
203
What will be seen with a femoral n (L2-L4) injury
```
Knee buckling
Knee extension weakness
Anterior knee pain
Sensory loss medial aspect of leg below knee
Forward trunk lean during
```
204
What nerve root does the Obturator n come from
L2-L4
205
What will be seen with an obturator nerve injury
Loss of ER and adduction at the hip
206
What does the Obturator n (L2-L4) innervate
Addcutor longus
Gracilis
Adductor Magnus
Obturator externus
207
What nerve innervates the Glutues medius, gluteus minimus, and TFL
Superior gluteal n (L4-S1)
208
What nerve inneravtes the Glutues max
Inferior gluteal n (L5-S2)
209
What innervates the 1st webspace of foot
Deep peroneal n
210
What innervates Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor hallucis longus
Deep peroneal n
211
What innervates Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
Superficial peroneal n
212
What provides senation to lower leg and dorsum of foot
Superficial peroneal n
213
Foot slap will be seen with injury to what nerve
Deep peroneal
214
How long should rooting and sucking reflexes be present
Birth to 3 months
215
What is the Moro Reflex
Baby's head is dropped suddenly backwards from a sititng position:
Response: Child abducts and extend
arms, then quickly adducts
arms and flexes
216
How long should the Moro Reflex be present
Birth to 6 months
217
What is traction response
when you take the wrist of baby and lift them into sitting from supine
baby should flex elbow and elevate shoulders
218
What is flexor withdrawal?
Pinprick or pinch sole of foot
| Baby should withdrawl the leg
219
How long is palmar grasp present
4 months
220
What is palmar grasp
Place index finger into infant's hand from the ulnar side
Infant should flex around examiner's fingers
221
How long is plantar grasp present
8 months
222
What is plantar grasp
Examiner places pressure on plantar aspect of foot just below toes
Baby should flex toes
223
What is crossed extension
When one side is pinched the opposite leg extenends to compensate for the flexion of the leg that was pricked
224
How long is crossed extension present
4 mo
225
What is the Galant response
Stroking the paravertebrals from thoracic to lumbar region causes child to laterally flex trunk towards stimulus
226
How long is spontaneous stepping present
2 mo
227
What is Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
When head is turned to one side......child extends arm on the looking side and flexes arm on the back of the head side
"fencing" position
228
How long is ATNR present
4 mo
229
What is the Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR)
Passively flex and then extend infant's head over your thigh while they are iin prone
1. Infant's head flexes: arm flex and legs extend
2. Infant's head extends: arm extend and legs flex
230
How long is STNR present
6 mo
231
What is labyrinthine head righting
Infant blind folded and their head is moved around in various directions
Baby's head orients to vertical
232
What is Landau
Holding baby in the air
Should see baby extend the head, then trunk, then hip
"superman"
233
When does protective extension begin for a child
```
5 mo (forward)
7 mo (sideways)
9 mo (backwards)
```
234
#1 cause of Autonomic dysreflexia
Catheter compression
235
Will full or part of the face be paralyzed with Bell's palsy
full face
236
Is motor affected with Bell's palsy
Yes
237
Are the lower or upper facial muscles more impacted by stroke palsy
lower facial muscles more affected by stroke
238
What is the cause of Bell's palsy
Virus
239
```
Weakness/paralysis
of the mms
innervated by the
motor nuclei of the
lower brainstem,
affecting the muscles
of the face, tongue,
larynx, and pharynx
```
Bulbar palsy
240
MOI for central cord syndrome
compression due to hyperexension of C-spine
241
What body structures are impacted with Huntington's dz
Atrophy of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex
242
Will facial pain be seen with Bell's palsy or Trigeminal Neuralgia or both
Trigeminal Neuralgia
243
Is the jaw and corneal reflexes are absent then what is the issue
Trigeminal Neuralgia
244
What muscle will be weak with Bell's palsy
Frontalis
245
What muscles will be weak with Trigeminal Neuralgia
Temporalis and Masseter
246
What makes Trigeminal Neuralgia worse
Cold
247
What makes Bell's Palsy worse
use of muscles
248
Loss of motor function & pain / temperature below level of the lesion,
caused by hyperflexion injuries or ischemic damage
Anterior cord syndrome
249
Multiple contractures, joint dislocation, muscle atrophy, cylinder-shaped
limbs with no definition/tone
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congentia
250
Sweating, dilated pupils, bradycardia, hypertension, blurred vision, high
blood pressure
Autonomic Dyreflexia
251
Asymmetrical drooping of eyelid & mouth, drooling, dry eyes, can’t close
eyelid due to weakness
Bell's palsy
252
Loss of ipsilateral vibratory/position sense & contralateral pain/temp
Brown Sequard Lesion
253
Dysphagia, nasal regurgitations, slurred speech, choking, dysphonia,
dysarthria, dysphasia
Bulbar Palsy
254
Area of brain affected by a lesion to the Anterior Cerebral Artery
Anterior frontal lobe,
Medial surface of frontal lobe
Medial surface of parietal lobe
255
Features of an Anterior Cerebral Artery stroke
Contralateral loss of LE motor and sensory, loss
of bowel and bladder, aphasia, apraxia,
agraphia, akinetic mutism
256
Will UE or LE be affected more by an ACA stroke
LE
257
Will UE or LE be affected more by an MCA stroke
UE
258
Area of brain affected by MCA
Cerebrum and Basal Ganglia
259
Features of MCA stroke
Upper extremity more affected, contralateral
weakness and sensory loss of face, Wernicke’s
aphasia, apraxia, anosognosia, homonymous
hemianopsia
260
Area of brain affected by PCA
Occpital lobe
Midbrain
Thalamus
261
Features of PCA stroke
Contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral loss of
| pain and temperature, prosopagnosia
262
Features of Vertebral Basilar Artery stroke
Hemi-tetraplegia, dysphagia, dysarthria,
ataxia, loss of consciousness, Locked-In
syndrome
263
What areas of the brain does the Vertebral Basilar artery supply
Cerebellum, Medulla, Pons
264
Which side of the brain did the CVA occur on?
```
Speech, language impairments
Slow, cautious behavior
Difficulty expressing positive emotions
Difficulty with verbal cues/ commands
Difficulty planning a movement (apraxia)
```
Left
265
Which side of the brain did the CVA occur on:
```
Visual perceptual impairments
Quick, impulsive behavior
Poor judgment, can’t self-correct
Difficulty with perception of emotions (mostly
negative emotions)
Difficulty with visual cues (non-verbal
communication)
Difficulty sustaining a movement
```
Right side
266
What drugs can Levodopa interact with
Drugs to treat depression
267
What type or orthotic is commonly used for Spina Bifida
RGO
268
Which canal is involved:
Torsional upbeating nystagmus in left ear down position
Left posterior canal BPPV
269
Which canal is involved:
Torsional upbeating nystagumus in the right ear down position
Right posterior canal BPPV
270
Upbeating torsional nystagmus =
posterior canal
271
Downbeating torsionnal nystagmus =
anterior canal
272
Right anterior canal is paried with ____posterior on the dix hallpike
left
273
Left anterior canal is paired with the _____posterior canal on the dix hallpike
right
274
Left dix hallpike will detect a _____posterior canal and a ______ anterior canal issue
Left posterior canal
| Right anterior canal
275
Right dix hallpike will detect a ____posterior canal and ____anterior canal issue
right posterior
| left anterior
276
Expose patient to non-painful stimuli
repeatedly to allow patient to adapt
to that stimuli so that it no longer
causes impairment
Habituation
277
What is the goal of habituation
Decr sensitive to noxious stimuli
278
Visual cues are needed if patient has a stroke on what side
Left
279
Verbal cues are needed if patient has a stroke on what side
right
280
Brunnstrom stage:
| No spasticity , no synergy
1
281
Brunnstrom stage:
| Begnning spasticity, weak associated synergy movements
2
282
Brunnstrom stage:
| Peak spasticity
3
283
Brunnstrom stage:
| Mass synergy movements
3
284
Brunnstrom stage:
| Decreasing spasticity; begin out of synergy movements
4
285
Brunnstrom stage:
| Decreasing spasticity; pretty much completely out of synergies
5
286
Brunnstrom stage:
Minimal spasticity except during rapid movements; free of synergy but may have awkward isolated movements with coordination
6
287
Brunnstrom stage:
| Normal spastiicty and no synergy
7
288
What to use for strengthening muscles less than 1/5 MMT
HRAM
289
What is used to initiate mobility
HRAM or RI
290
Isometric contraction on 1 side of joint then the
| other side; no rest
AI
291
Isometric contraction of all muscles around a joint
(rotational component); relax and move into new
range
Rhythmic stabilization
292
Proximal part is restricted until distal part initiates
| movement
Normal timing (for skill)
Improve coordination
293
Strengthens weak components; isotonic &
| isometric; overflow to weak muscles
Timing for emphasis
294
Improves control of movement and posture;
resisted concentric contraction of agonist and
antagonists without rest between reversals
Slow Reversal
295
Slow reversal with an isometric hold at end of each
| movement to gain stability
Slow reversal hold
296
Used w/ hypertonia; “let me move you, help me,
| resist me” (basically like AAROM)
RI
297
Used to decrease hypertonia; passively rotate
| extremity to improve ROM
Rhythmic rotation
298
RI is often used with what
hypertonia
299
stronger parts of the body are used to stimulate and strengthen weaker parts of
the body. (PNF)
Kabat Knott Voss
300
introduced use of synergy stimulation to facilitate or inhibit responses, such as icing or
brushing, in order to elicit desired reflex motor response
Rood
301
Created and defined the term synergy and encouraged patient to immediately
practice synergy patterns and subsequently develop combinations of movement patters out of
synergy.
Brunnstrom
302
Patient learns to control
| movement through normal activities that promote normal movement patterns
Bobath
303
What is Bobath very heavy on
Promoting normal movements (disadvantage is that it does not allow for much reps)
