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CORE Radiology Exam > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Bicoronal or bi lambdoid synostosis: Flatting of both frontal regions

A

Brachycephaly

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2
Q

External capsule disease location is characteristic for

A

CADASIL and rarely seen with the more common arteriolosclerosis

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3
Q

Diffuse WM disease with assoc lacunar infarcts. WM dx is more prevalent at ant temporal lobes and characteristically involves the external capsule

A

CADASIL

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4
Q

asymmetric premature closure of the coronal and/or lambdoid suture.

A

Plagiocephaly

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5
Q

What is sagittal synostosis?

A

Scaphocephaly

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6
Q

Sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid synostosis.

A

Turricephaly

Ni para alfrente ni para atras ni para el lado

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7
Q

Methanol toxicity and cyanide poisoning affect the:

A

putamen

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8
Q

TB OM from lungs to spine is MC spread through the

A

lymphatics (spares the disc)

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9
Q

Diff dx for TB OM of the spine

A

Fungal OM and Brucellar spondylitis

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10
Q

The Spetzler-Martin scale uses a point system to classify AVM grade based on

A
  1. size
  2. eloquent tissue of adjacent brain
  3. deep venous drainage
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11
Q

Choanal atresia has a (F/M) predilection and is most commonly (membranous, osseous)?

A

F, osseous (90%)

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12
Q

Facial angiofibromas are a feature of

A

TS

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13
Q

Cafe au lait

A

MC assoc w.

  • smooth borders (coast of Cali) NF1
  • rough boarders (coast of Maine): McCune Albright
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14
Q

What separates L2 from L3 cervical nodes

A

Hyoid bone

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15
Q

What separates L3 from L4 cervical nodes

A

Inferior margin of CC

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16
Q

What separates L3 & L4 from L5 cervical nodes

A

Post margin of the SCM

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17
Q

What separates the level 1B and 2A nodal basins?

A

Post margin of SM gland (stylohyoid muscle)

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18
Q

What structures are present within the parotid space?

A

external carotid artery, retromandibular vein, and facial nerve traverse the parotid space

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19
Q

Intraparenchymal hematoma centered in the basal ganglia will be secondary to__________ until proven otherwise.

A

hypertension

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20
Q

Dot sign is indicative of

A

Hyperdense thrombus

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21
Q

Spot sign is indicative of

A

contrast extrav in the setting of active bleeding

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22
Q

Tumor with key findings of bubbly appearance and lack of mass effect

A

DNET

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23
Q

Two intra-axial Masses w assoc. local bony remodeling

A

DNET & Ganglioglioma

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24
Q

cortically based tumors

A

PDOG

  1. PXA
  2. DNET
  3. Oligodendroglioma
  4. Ganglioglioma
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25
Q

Currarino triad

A
  1. Anorectal anomalies (MC anorectal stenosis)
  2. Caudal regression (Anorectal stenosis most commonly)
  3. Pre-sarcral mass (anterior sacral meningocele, teratoma, or dermoid/epidermoid cyst)
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26
Q

Gorlin syndrome (Basal cell nevus syndrome) major criteria

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Odontogenic cysts
  • Rib anomalies
  • Calcifications of the falx cerebri
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27
Q

Germinomas commonly metastasize to ____

A

CSF. So the entire neuroaxis will need to be imaged.

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28
Q

Prostate cancer metastases are more common in the

A

posterior fossa

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29
Q

The _____ pterygoids are not contained within the masticator space

A

medial

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30
Q

What laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma location is associated with the best prognosis?

31
Q

The multiple benign tumors of TS are:

A
  1. cortical or subependymal tubers
  2. renal angiomyolipomas
  3. cardiac rhabdomyomas
32
Q

Concomitant tumors in both the pineal + suprasellar location are most compatible with a

33
Q

Bilateral optic pathway pilocytic astrocytomas

34
Q

NF2

A

MISME
Schwanoma
meningioma
ependymoma

35
Q

Layers of skull coverings and beneath

A 
Skin
Aponeurosis (Galeal)
Periosteum
Bone
Dura matter
Arachnoid
Pia
36
Q

metopic suture synostosis

A

Trigonocephaly

37
Q

signal changes in the medial thalami, dorsal medulla, and mammillary bodies, and periaqueductal gray matter

A

Thiamine (B1) Defficiency

38
Q

What part of a hemangioblastoma is typically resected?

A

solid nodule (not the cyst)

39
Q

Approximately how many hemangioblastomas are sporadic?

40
Q

the most common conus medullaris/filum terminale malignancy in adults with a more common presentation in younger adults (30s)

A

Myxopapillary ependymoma

41
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis is commonly associated with elevated

42
Q

Facet joint septic arthritis is most commonly caused by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

43
Q

DAI grades

A

1 GWM
2 CC
3 BS

44
Q

The carotid bifurcation occurs at the ____ level with the ICA oriented ___ and the ECA oriented ____.

A

C3/4 Level, post, ant

45
Q

Cavernous Sinus constiutents

A

CA

3,4,51,52 & 6.

46
Q

MC TORCH infxn

A

CMV

  • Targets the germinal Matrix
  • periV calcifications
47
Q

What TORCH infxn has the highest assoc w polymicrogyria

48
Q

2nd MC TORCH infxn

A

Toxo

- Random Calc pattern

49
Q

Marker for cell membrane turnover

50
Q

Marker for Meningioma

51
Q

Marker for high grade tumor

A

Lactate

will go up as a high-grade tumor outgrows the blood supply

52
Q

Marker for tumor necrosis

53
Q

Morel-Lavallee lesion?

mechanism?

A
  • Degloving injuries occurring from severe trauma
  • The skin and subcutaneous tissue abruptly separate creating a potential space superficial to the fascia.
  • Prone to infxn
54
Q

Spectroscopy for tumefactive demyelination

A

decreased NAA/Cr ratio (reduced NAA within plaques) and an increased Cho/Cr ratio

55
Q

Enhancement corresponds to

A

BBB breakdown

56
Q

MC post fossa mass in adults and the elderly

A

Metastasis

NOT hemangioblastoma: that is the MC PRIMARY mass

57
Q

Classic imaging features of Ependymoma

A

apical cap and partially cystic.

Ependymomas tend to be multisegmental (typically 3-4 segments), well circumscribed, and with symmetric cord expansion.

58
Q

MC salivary gland tumor

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma (BMT)

  • MC at superficial parotid lobe
  • small malignant potential -> surgical excision
  • T2 bright w low rim.
59
Q

Carotid space contents

A

carotid artery, jugular vein, cranial nerves 9-11, and lymph nodes

60
Q

Shiny corner sign with “Romanus lesions”

61
Q

IAC lipoma

A

High T1, non seen on Fat sat

62
Q

Where do you see the cingulate island sign (hypometabolism in the precuneus with relatively spared metabolism in posterior cingulate).

A

PET for Parkingsons

63
Q

Cervical ligament that limits rotation and lateral flexion

A

alar ligament

64
Q

avulsion fx of the medial occipital condyle. What ligament?

65
Q

Which cervical ligament limits rotation and lateral flexion?

66
Q

The most common cause of brain injury after SAH:

67
Q

What is gay name of the bony scaffolding separating the individual turns?

68
Q

Tx of choice for branchial cleft cyst

69
Q

MRI pic??

A

orbital cavernous hemangioma MRI

70
Q

Short stature and T1 bright spot at infundibulum

A

Ectopic pituitary

71
Q

Door time to needle time (DNT) for stroke (tx with tPA)?

72
Q

Door to imaging time (DIT) for stroke?

A

20 min - at UMC

Guidelines say 25 min

73
Q

Door to CT scan read time at UMC?

CORE Radiology Exam (16 decks)

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