Cardiac

Question 1

Aortic Stenosis MRI criteria

Answer 1

Critical: if < 0.7 cm2, vel gradient > 70 mmHg

Severe: if valve area < 1.0 cm2, jet > 4m/sec, vel gradient is >40mmHg

Moderate: 1.0-1.5 cm2, 3.0 - 3.9, 20-39

Mild: >1.5, 2.0 - 2.9, < 20

Question 2

What is the dose of adenosine typically given for adenosine stress perfusion MRI?

Answer 2

140 μg/kg/min

Question 3

significant ASD Qp/Qs ratio

Answer 3

> 2

Question 4

Cytology for malignant pericardial effusions are positive what percent of the time?

Answer 4

80-90%

Question 5

Dilated cardiomyopathy lumen size cutoff

Answer 5

> 60mm

Question 6

severe aortic insufficiency

Answer 6

> 60mL/beat

Regurgitant fraction of > 50%

Question 7

Qp/Qs value of left to right shunt that determines if intervention

Answer 7

> 1.5

Question 8

specific density of myocardium

Answer 8

1.05 g/mL

Question 9

LV measuring more than ___ is considered dilated

Answer 9

60mm

Question 10

Normal pressures for the heart include

Answer 10

RA, 1–8 mm Hg; LA, 4–12 mm Hg 
RV, 15–30/1–8 mm Hg; 
LV, 100–140/4–12 mm Hg 
PA, 15–30/4–12 mm Hg; 
Ao, 100–140/60–80 mm Hg

Interstitial edema if LA reaches 20mmHg and alveolar edema if > 20 mmHg
LA = pulm cap wedge pressure

Question 11

Ross procedure

Answer 11

Prosthetic pulm valve and pulm valve to aorta.

Question 12

Measurement of leaflet prolapse and thickening of valve to diagnose MVP

Answer 12

> 2 mm beyond the long-axis annular plane & thickening of >5 mm

Question 13

What is the minimal diameter of access vessel required based on the current generation of delivery device for TAVI?

Answer 13

6mm

Question 14

Aortic peak velocity greater than 4 m/sec corresponds to a mean aortic gradient of

Answer 14

64 (=4(velocity^2))

Mean aortic gradient is in m/sec

Question 15

Severe aortic stenosis Valve area and mean gradient

Answer 15

<1.0 cm2; transvalvular velocity is ≥4 m/sec; and mean gradient is ≥40 mm Hg.

Question 16

The classic diagnostic criteria for MVP include displacement of the mitral leaflets of ___ and thickening of ____.

Answer 16

> 2 mm beyond the annulus into the left atrium and leaflet thickening of >5 mm

Question 17

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) inheritance and triad?

Answer 17

autosomal-dominant mutations in TGF-β

1. arterial tortuosity and aneurysms
2. hypertelorism
3. bifid uvula or cleft palate.

Question 18

Shone syndrome’s classic four cardiovascular defects:

Answer 18

supravalvular mitral membrane, valvular mitral stenosis due to a parachute mitral valve, subaortic stenosis and aortic coarctation.

Question 19

Heyde syndrome is a syndrome of _________ associated with ___________ from ________.

Answer 19

aortic valve stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, colonic angiodysplasia.

Question 20

Myocardial T2* values in relation to iron deposition in (hemochromatosis, thalassemia etc)

Answer 20

< 10ms = Severe iron loading (89% of pts w Thalassemia had this in study)

10-20ms: Mild to moderate

< 20ms: Abnormal

Question 21

causes vasodilatation by increasing the adenosine concentration by blocking its uptake by cells.

Answer 21

dipyridamole

Question 22

cause vasodilatation by binding to adenosine receptor

Answer 22

Adenosine and regadenoson

Question 23

LVAD

Answer 23

Inflow cannula is connected to LV apex and outflow to AA**

Question 24

Highest dose to patient with nucs cardiac perfusion

Answer 24

Dual isotope TI201/Tc99 (~30mSv) if not, Tc99~10-16.7mSv