Neuro 1 pt3

Question 1

What are Evoked Potentials?

What can/can’t it tell you?

Answer 1

stimulation of afferent pathways evokes a tiny cortical response used to assess its integrity

suggests likelihood of recovery of function after injury; can’t dx. nature of lesion

Question 2

4 types of Evoked Potentials, and the pathways each tests

Answer 2

SSEPs (Somatosensory evoked potentials): spinal dorsal columns
MEVs (Motor evoked potentials): spinal anterior columns
Auditory EvP: CN VIII
Visual EvP: CN II

Question 3

a big use of EvP

Answer 3

Intraoperative monitoring

Question 4

EEG stands for:

Answer 4

Electroencephalography

Question 5

how an EEG is performed/works (4)

Answer 5

5mm silver disc electrodes attach to the scalp c conductive paste
Usu.8-32 amplifying units record spontaneous cortex electrical activity simultaneously
Common arrangement uses 10 pairs
Creates a voltage vs. time graph

Question 6

EEG procedure (4 parts)

Answer 6

Examined first resting c eyes closed, then:
Hyperventilate 20x min for 3 mins
Strobe light to open & closed eyes
Sleep (may be pharmacologically)

Question 7

*EEG in a nutshell. What can it tell you?

Answer 7

EEG can tell you if there is a seizure (all types), or no seizure at the time this test is performed.

Question 8

5 uses of an EEG

Answer 8

Seizures,
polysymnography (sleep study),
cerebral monitoring in general anesthesia,
brain death,
to help dx spongiform encephalopaties such as CJD

Question 9

a seizure you cannot see outwardly.

Answer 9

Nonconvulsive status

Question 10

CJD is a disease caused by

Answer 10

Prions

Question 11

Correct CT lingo:

Correct MRI lingo:

Answer 11

CT: Hyper/Hypo DENSITY
MRI: Hyper/HYpo INTENSITY

Question 12

Hyper dense/intense is black or white?

Hypo is:

Answer 12

Hyper: white/bright
Hypo: dark/black

Question 13

To diagnose stroke quickly run which test?

Answer 13

MRI

Question 14

CT is used to analyze (4)

Answer 14

Blood
Bone
Infarct take ~6hrs
hydrocephalus

Question 15

MRI is used to analyze __ tissue, including: (3)

Answer 15

Soft tissue: brain parencyma, ligaments, discs

Question 16

___ are most specific tests for a stroke (2)

Answer 16

DWI (diffusion weighted images) and ADC (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient)

Question 17

SPECT stands for

what’s it useful for? (2)

Answer 17

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Provides functional info for: dementia, combined c diamox (diuretic) for cerebral blood flow (See if the brain starts to starve with just a little manipulation with diamox.)

Question 18

Do a lumbar puncture & inject a radio-tracer, and see how it circulates using what test?

Answer 18

Cisternography

Question 19

3 uses of Cisternography

Answer 19

evaluation of hydrocephalus, esp. NPH
CSF rhinorrhea or otorrhea
VPS patency

Question 20

radiographic visualization of the subarachnoid spaces containing cerebrospinal fluid following injection of an opaque contrast medium

Answer 20

Cisternography

Question 21

Structural MRI vs. Functional MRI

Answer 21

Structural MRI: reveals brain ANATOMY

fMRI; reveals brain FUNCTION

Question 22

__ identifies active regions in the brain via blood flow over several secs

Answer 22

fMRI

Question 23

What’s

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent(BOLD) effect?

Answer 23

more O2 is delivered O2 uptake leading to relative decrease in deoxyhemoglobin at post capillary level

Question 24

what test has found some patients in a “vegetative state” to actually be in a “minimally conscious state”?

Answer 24

fMRI