Neuro 1 pt1

Question 1

Humans are the species with the most neurons? T/F

Answer 1

Humans have 1 billion
Elephans have 2 billion

FALSE

Question 2

range of neurons in the brain

Answer 2

15-30 billion

Question 3

How to determine the number of synapses we have.

How does the size of synapses range?

Answer 3

the number of seconds in 10 billion years.

3 ft. in length

Question 4

3 parts of a neuron

Answer 4

dendrite, cell body, axon

Question 5

Glial cells outnumber neurons _:1

Answer 5

9:1

Question 6

what components of nervous tissue are gray matter, or white matter?

Answer 6

Gray: nucleus, dendrite, ganglia
White: Axons, myelin

Question 7

Interneurons are located where?

Answer 7

Entirely within CNS

“middle man” that lives within grey matter

Question 8

Define Microglia

Answer 8

type of macrophage that destroys invasive microorganisms

Question 9

Define Astrocytes

Answer 9

most abundant glial cells, help c nutrition & act as antigen presenting cells for WBC

Question 10

most abundant glial cell type is:

Answer 10

Astrocytes

Question 11

Define Ependymal cells

Answer 11

semi-permeable lining that has cilia to circulate CSF

Question 12

___ forms myelin sheaths

Answer 12

Oligodendrocytes

Question 13

2 glial cells of PNS, and their function.

Answer 13

Schwann cells: similar to Oligo..for myelin and microglia by engulfing cell debris
satellite cells: surround & maintain cell bodies in ganglia

Question 14

Neurons get close, but do not touch each other (other than dendrites), how do they communicate at the terminal axon?

Answer 14

Using neurotransmitters at the terminal axon
the NT binds to postsynaptic receptor which releases other ions. Ultimately this causes a postsynaptic action potential, aka “impulse”

Question 15

2 most important NT’s

Answer 15

acetylcholine and norepi

Question 16

What are the following drugs’ effect on the neuromuscular junction?
Botulinum Toxin (aka “Botox”)
Succinylcholine (aka “Sux”)
Rocuronium (aka “Roc”)

Answer 16

These are all paralytics, but work differently

Question 17

How does Botulinum (Botox) toxin work?

Answer 17

presynaptic intracellular blockade of acetylcholine secretion- does not pass BBB, but if inject into venous system lungs will arrest

Question 18

How does Succinylcholine (Sux) work?

Answer 18

only depolarizing agonist of acetylcholine. not degraded by acetylcholinesterase; first causes fasciculations, then paralysis (sux it out)

Question 19

How does Rocuronium (Roc) work?

Answer 19

nondepolarizing, competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at post synaptic cleft can be used to dx: myasthenia gravis

Question 20

5 functions of the brain’s Frontal Lobe

Answer 20

Thought
Voluntary movement
Executive functions/problem solving
Speech production - broca's area
Personality/emotions/self-control

Question 21

__ lobe is Executive. In charge of major thoughts & voluntary movements including speaking.

Answer 21

Frontal lobe

Question 22

A stuttering problem can be damage to:

Answer 22

Broca’s area

Question 23

5 functions of Parietal lobe

Answer 23

Sensation
Speech comprehension- Wernicke’s area
Spacial recognition
Reading/Spelling
Arithmetic

Question 24

Frontal lobe has __ actions, whilst

Parietal lobe has __ actions

Answer 24

Frontal lobe: motor actions

Parietal lobe: sensory actions

Question 25

3 functions of temproal lobe

Answer 25

Hearing
More Memory(also in Frontal lobe)
Behavior

Question 26

Primary function of occipital lobe…

Answer 26

vision

Question 27

3 functions of Cerebellum

Answer 27

Balance
Coordination
Fine muscle control