Neuro 1 pt10

Question 1

hallmarks of Huntington’s Ds (3)

how old when symptoms start?

Answer 1

Chorea, psychiatric problems & exectuve problems.

Typically middle-aged when they become symptomatic

Question 2

in the basal ganglia, failure of the direct pathway is Parkinson’s
failure of the indirect pathway is:

Answer 2

Huntington’s Disease

Question 3

Onset of Tourette Syndrome must be for how long (to properly dx)?

Answer 3

at least 1 year

Question 4

Motor usu. face, head, shoulders: sniffing, blinking, frowning, shoulder shrugging, head thrusting
Phonic usu. grunts, barks, hisses, throat clearing, coughs, verbal utterences including coprolalia(obscene speech)

Answer 4

Tourette Syndrome

Question 5

Define:
Echolalia 
Echopraxia 
Palilalia 
(what are these terms describing?

Answer 5

Echolalia (repitition of other’s speech
Echopraxia (repitition of other’s movmnts
Palilalia (repetition of words or phrases)
These are terms to describe Tourette Syndrome

Question 6

1st line tx of Tourette Syndrome

Answer 6

Alpha-adrenergic agonist - clonidine

Question 7

What is Wilson’s Disease?

Answer 7

Copper builds up in the body, causing
primarily involves liver and brain
neuro: dystonia, incoordination & tremor. Dysarthria and dysphagia are common. Some may mistake for PD.
dystonia of any body part leads to grotesque positions of limbs, neck, trunk. Also autonomic probs., memory loss, migraine type h/a and Sz’s.

Question 8

Damage to the extrapyramidal system will result in movement disorders known as:

Answer 8

dyskinesia

Question 9

characterized by involuntary single or repetitive jerks of a body part. If the jerks are repetitive, they can be rhythmic or non-rhythmic. They can be isolated to one muscle group or a number of muscles at the same time. These movements can occur spontaneously, but also to stimuli (visual, tactile or auditory).

Answer 9

Myoclonus

Question 10

Hiccups are a form of ___ (brief spasm of diaphragm.).

Answer 10

myoclonus

Question 11

• these are rapid, repeatingly coordinated or patterned movements that are under partial control by the affected person. Often, the person will relate that they have an irresistible urge to perform the movements. They can often suppress the movements temporarily.

Answer 11

Tics

Question 12

characterized by rapid, involuntary, random, purposeless movements of a body part. Can be present at rest, during sustained postures, and during movement. Can be subtle or obvious. These movements can often be modified by the person after initial onset so that they are made to appear intentional in order to cover them up.

Answer 12

Chorea

Question 13

characterized by gross, abrupt contractions of axial and proximal muscles of the extremities that can produce flailing.

Answer 13

Ballism

Question 14

• a relatively slow, writhing, purposeless movement of a body part.

Answer 14

Athetosis

Question 15

Athetosis is a major category of the effects of __

Answer 15

Cerebral Palsy

Question 16

• a slow form of hyperkinesia characterized by involuntary abnormal postures resulting from excessive co-contraction of antagonistic muscles. Writers cramp is a form of this.

Answer 16

Dystonia

Question 17

• a general term that designates a variety of muscular contractions. Tonic ones are prolonged. Clonic ones are repetitive, have a rapid onset, and are brief.

Answer 17

Spasm

Question 18

Name the types of Dyskinesias (8)

Answer 18

Myoclonus, Tics, Chorea, Ballism, Athetosis, Dystonia, Spasm, Tremor

Question 19

Rhythmic (periodic) movement of a body part.

Answer 19

Tremor

Question 20

Types of Tremors (4), when does each occur?

Answer 20

Resting tremors occur when a body part is at rest.
Postural tremor occurs when the body part is maintained against gravity.
Action tremor occurs during movement.
Terminal tremor occurs as the body part nears a target. Can be caused by cerebellar circuit problems.

Question 21

40 yo patient who lost libido, gained weight, is sluggish, comes in for evaluation. Dx a mass in pituitary. Which hormones are you worried about without a pituitary? (3)

Answer 21

ADH, Thyroid hormone, Cortisol

Question 22

Upper/low/both motor weakness?
Muscle weakness:
Numbness:
Vesiculations (unwanted muscle twitches)

Answer 22

Muscle weakness – both
Numbness – both
Vesiculations – upper

Question 23

What type of aphasia is Wernicke’s aphasia?

What type of aphasia is Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 23

Wernicke’s: receptive

Broca’s: expressive

Question 24

With MRI, when do u give Gatelinium (contrast)? (3)

Answer 24

If you’re looking for a lesion, abscess, brain tumor.