Neural Tissue

Question 1

Also called nervous or nerve tissue

Answer 1

• Neural Tissue

Question 2

• Specialized for conducting electrical impulses
• Rapidly senses internal or external environment
• Processes information and controls responses

Answer 2

• Neural Tissue or nervous or nerve tissue

Question 3

is concentrated in the central nervous

system

Answer 3

• Neural Tissue or nervous or nerve tissue

Question 4

central nervous

system includes

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Two Types of Neural Cells

Answer 5

1. Neurons: Nerve cells, perform electrical
   communication
2. Neuroglia: Supporting cells, repair and supply
   nutrients to neurons

Question 6

perform electrical

communication

Answer 6

Neurons or nerve cells

Question 7

repair and supply

nutrients to neurons

Answer 7

Neuroglia or supporting cells

Question 8

Cell Parts of a Neuron

Answer 8

• Cell body
• —–Contains the nucleus and nucleolus
• Dendrites
• —–Short branches extending from the cell body
• —–Receive incoming signals
• Axon (nerve fiber)
• —–Long, thin extension of the cell body
• —–Carries outgoing electrical signals to their
destination

Question 9

Contains the nucleus and nucleolus

Answer 9

Cell body

Question 10

• —–Short branches extending from the cell body

* —–Receive incoming signals

Answer 10

Dendrites

Question 11

• —–Long, thin extension of the cell body
• —–Carries outgoing electrical signals to their
destination

Answer 11

Axon

Question 12

Functions of neuroglia (supporting cells)

Answer 12

• Maintain physical structure
of tissues
• Repair tissue framework
after injury
• Perform phagocytosis
• Provide nutrients to neurons
• Regulate the composition of the
interstitial fluid surrounding neurons

Question 13

Why do Tissues Respond to Injuries ?

Answer 13

• To maintain homeostasis

Question 14

• Cells restore homeostasis with two processes which are

Answer 14

1. Inflammation

2. Regeneration

Question 15

The tissue’s first response to injury

Answer 15

• Inflammation = Inflammatory Response

Question 16

Signs and symptoms of the inflammatory response

include:

Answer 16

• Swelling
• Redness
• Heat
• Pain

Question 17

• Inflammatory Response Can be triggered by:

Answer 17

• Trauma (physical injury)

* Infection (the presence of harmful pathogens)

Question 18

physical injury is aka

Answer 18

trauma

Question 19

the presence of harmful pathogens is aka

Answer 19

infection

Question 20

• The Process of Inflammation: Damaged cells release chemical signals into the surrounding interstitial fluid . This affects:

Answer 20

• Prostaglandins
• Proteins
• Potassium ions

Question 21

As cells break down, what two things happen?

Answer 21

• Lysosomes release enzymes that destroy the
injured cell and attack surrounding tissues
• Tissue destruction is called necrosis

Question 22

What is Tissue destruction called?

Answer 22

necrosis

Question 23

The Process of Inflammation is:

Answer 23

1. Necrotic tissues and cellular debris (pus)
   accumulate in the wound
   • Abscess — pus trapped in an enclosed area
2. Injury stimulates mast cells to release:
   • Histamine
   • Heparin
   • Prostaglandins

Question 24

Injury stimulates mast cells to release:

Answer 24

• Histamine
• Heparin
• Prostaglandins

Question 25

pus trapped in an enclosed area

Answer 25

• Abscess

Question 26

• Dilation of blood vessels

Answer 26

* Increases blood circulation in the area * Causes warmth and redness * Brings more nutrients and oxygen to the area * Removes wastes

Question 27

• Plasma diffuses into the area

Answer 27

• Causes swelling and pain

Question 28

• Phagocytic white blood cells

Answer 28

Clean up the area

Question 29

• When the injury or infection is cleaned up, what happens?

Answer 29

Healing (regeneration) begins

Question 30

• Describe The Process of Regeneration

Answer 30

• Fibrocytes move into necrotic area • ---Lay down collagen fibers • ---To bind the area together (scar tissue) • New cells migrate into area • ---Or are produced by mesenchymal stem cells • Not all tissues can regenerate • ---Epithelia and connective tissues regenerate well • ---Cardiac cells and neurons do not regenerate (or regenerate poorly)

Question 31

do not regenerate (or | regenerate poorly)

Answer 31

Cardiac cells and neurons

Question 32

regenerate well

Answer 32

Epithelia and connective tissues

Question 33

move into necrotic area

Answer 33

Fibrocytes

Question 34

When an injury damages connective tissue, mast cells release a variety of chemicals. This process, called ____ _____ _______, stimulates inflammation.

Answer 34

mast cell activation

Question 35

_________ produces several familiar indications of injury, including swelling, redness, heat (warmth), pain, and sometimes loss of function. _________ may also result from the presence of pathogens, such as harmful bacteria, within the tissues. The presence of these pathogens constitutes an _______

Answer 35

Inflammation Inflammation Infection

Question 36

The presence of these pathogens constitutes an _______

Answer 36

infection

Question 37

is the repair that occurs after the damaged tissue has been stabilized and the inflammation has subsided.

Answer 37

Regeneration

Question 38

move into the area, laying down a collagenous framework

Answer 38

fibroblasts

Question 39

a collagenous framework laid down by fibroblasts

Answer 39

scar tissue.

Question 40

True or false: Over time, scar tissue is usually “remodeled” and gradually assumes a more normal appearance.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

• Speed and efficiency of tissue repair decrease | with age, due to:

Answer 41

* Slower rate of energy consumption (metabolism) * Hormonal alterations * Reduced physical activity

Question 42

• Effects of Aging

Answer 42

*Chemical and structural tissue changes* • Thinning epithelia and connective tissues • Increased bruising and bone brittleness • Joint pain and broken bones • Cardiovascular disease • Mental deterioration

Question 43

• Cancer rates ______ with age

Answer 43

increase

Question 44

• __ percent of all people in the United | States develop cancer

Answer 44

25%

Question 45

_____ is the #2 cause of death in the United | States

Answer 45

Cancer

Question 46

_________ _______ and ______ _____ | cause cancer

Answer 46

Environmental chemicals and cigarette smoke