Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro - Week 2 > Neural Development > Flashcards

Neural Development Flashcards

1
Q

Myelination begins approximately at this time in intrauterine life

A

4th month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tracts myelinate at about the time they start to ______

A

Function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Process by which brain and most of the spinal cord form

A

Primary neurulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plate of thickened ectoderm

A

Neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Elevated lateral edges of the neural plate

A

Neural folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is formed by fusion of neural folds

A

Neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neural tube is formed by fusion of these

A

Neural folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Closure of this establishes the CNS

A

Neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neural tube fusion begins in this region and proceeds in cephalic and caudal directions

A

Cervical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rostral neuropore closes by this day of development

A

24/25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Caudal neuropore closes by this day of development

A

26/27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This birth defect occurs due to failure of neural tube to completely close during development

A

Dysraphism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In fetuses with open neural tube defects, elevated maternal serum levels of this are measured at 16-18 weeks gestation

A

Alpha-fetoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Levels of these two compounds in amniotic fluid are elevated in dysraphism

A

Alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alpha-fetoprotein levels and acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid are elevated in this birth defect

A

Dysraphism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prophylactic supplementation of this can significantly lower the incidence and recurrence rate of neural tube defects

A

Folic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Birth defect where a sac-like structure filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protrudes through an opening in the spine or skull

A

Meningocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neural tube defect that occurs when the brain, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid protrude through a gap in the skull

A

Meningohydroencephalocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Birth defect caused by failure of closure of rostral part of neural tube
Brain tissue forms abnormally and then degenerates due to exposure to amniotic fluid and lack of blood supply

A

Anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In this birth defect, the forebrain is absent and is replaced by a reddish irregular mass of vascular tissue → area cerebrovasculosa

A

Anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In ancenephaly, the forebrain is absent and replaced by this

A

Area cerebrovasculosa
(composed of connective tissue, hemorrhagic vascular channels, glia, and disorganized choroid plexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are females or males more likely to have anencephaly?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spina bifida defects are due to this

A

Defective closure of neuropore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This is the most severe form of spina bifida where there is complete exposure of the CNS, and can cause paralysis at the level of defect downward

A

Spina bifida with rachischisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

This is the process by which terminal part of the spinal cord forms

A

Secondary neurulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

At birth, the spinal cord ends at this vertebral level

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In the adult, the spinal cord terminates at the level of this vertebral level

A

L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In the adult, the dural and subarachnoid spaces extend to this vertebral level

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The forebrain forms from this

A

Prosencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

In week 5, the prosencephalon develops into these 2 structures

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This ventricle is found in the telencephalon

A

Lateral ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

This ventricle is found in the diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cerebral aqueduct is found in this part of the brain

A

Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hindbrain forms from this

A

Rhombencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In week 5 of development, the rhombencephalon develops into these two structures

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

This forms the cerebellum and pons

A

Metencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

This forms the medulla

A

Myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The fourth ventricle is found between these two structures

A

Metencephalon and myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

This flexure forms during the 3rd week of development at the level of mesencephalon

40
Q

This flexure forms during the 5th week of development at the junction between rhombencephalon and spinal cord

41
Q

This flexure forms during the 6th week of development at the level of metencephalon

42
Q

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles through this to the third ventricle

A

Interventricular foramen of Monroe

43
Q

CSF flows from the third ventricle through this in the mesencephalon to the fourth ventricle in the metencephalon

A

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

44
Q

CSF fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through these two lateral openings

A

Foramina of Luschka

45
Q

CSF fluid leaves the fourth ventricle through this midline opening

A

Foramen of Magendie

46
Q

Hydrocephalus is due to this

A

Blocked circulation of CSF

47
Q

“Satellite eyes” are seen in this defect

A

Hydrocephalus

48
Q

Condition where CSF builds up in the brain’s ventricles due to an obstruction in the flow of CSF outside the ventricles

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

49
Q

Most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus
May be transmitted by an X-linked trait, or it may be caused by cytomegalovirus or toxoplasmosis
Associated mostly with dilated lateral ventricle

A

Congenital aqueductal stenosis

50
Q

Innermost layer of neural tissues

A

Neuroepithelial

51
Q

Outermost layer of neural tissues

52
Q

What are the 3 layers of neural tissue, from inner to outermost?

A

Neuroepithelial
Mantle
Marginal

53
Q

Neural tissue layer that forms the gray matter

54
Q

Neural tissue layer that forms the white matter

55
Q

Neuroepithelium expresses this

56
Q

This cell lineage expresses Nestin

A

Neuroepithelium

57
Q

This cell lineage expresses neurofilament

A

Neuronal lineage progenitor cells (mature neurons)

58
Q

This cell lineage expresses GFAP

A

Glial lineage progenitor cells
(astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells)

59
Q

This cell lineage expresses Vimentin

A

Mesenchymal cells
(microglia)

60
Q

Neuronal lineage progenitor cells express this

A

Neurofilament

61
Q

Glial lineage progenitor cells express this

62
Q

Mesenchymal cell lineage expresses this

63
Q

These are ventral thickenings that form the motor areas of the spinal cord

A

Basal plate

64
Q

These are dorsal thickenings that form the sensory areas of the spinal cord

A

Alar plates

65
Q

Basal plates form the motor or sensory areas of the spinal cord?

66
Q

Alar plates form the motor or sensory areas of the spinal cord?

67
Q

This longitudinal groove marks the boundary between basal (ventral) and alar (dorsal) plates

A

Sulcus limitans

68
Q

Do the dorsal and ventral midline portions of the neural tube (known as the roof and floor plates, respectively), contain neuroblasts?

69
Q

These molecular signals establish sensory regions of the spinal cord

70
Q

These molecular signals establish motor regions of the spinal cord

71
Q

This is a thin, vascular membrane that lines the ventricles of the brain.
It is formed by the fusion of the pia mater and the ependyma (the lining of the ventricles)

A

Tela choroidea

72
Q

Some neuroblasts of the alar plate in the myelencaphlon (medulla) migrate ventrally to form this nuclei

A

Inferior olivary nuclei

73
Q

Pontine nuclei originate from these plates

A

Alar plates

74
Q

This develops from dorsolateral thickenings (rhombic lips) of the metencephalon that overgrow the roof of the 4th ventricle

A

Cerebellum

75
Q

These lips fuse in the midline to form the vermis, which is flanked on either side by enlarging cerebellar hemispheres

A

Rhombic lips

76
Q

Neuroblasts from this plates migrate to form the superior and inferior colliculi

A

Alar plates

77
Q

Neuroblasts from this plates give rise to cranial nerve (CN III and IV) nuclei, reticular nuclei, red nuclei, and substantia nigra

A

Basal plates

78
Q

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops from this

A

Rathke’s pouch
(ectodermal diverticulum of the primitive oral cavity)

79
Q

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland develops from this

A

Infundibulum
(neuroectodermal ventral evagination from the hypothalamus)

80
Q

This is a neuroectodermal ventral evagination from the hypothalamus that develops into the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum

81
Q

This is an ectodermal diverticulum of the primitive oral cavity that develops into the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Rathke’s pouch

82
Q

Who is more likely to have megalencephaly, male or female?

83
Q

Does bilateral or unilateral involvement of Schizencephaly cause developmental delays and seizures?

84
Q

Does bilateral or unilateral involvement of Schizencephaly cause hemiplegia and developmental delays?

A

Unilateral

85
Q

Mutations in human homeobox gene EMX2 can cause this

A

Familial schizencephaly

86
Q

Mutations in this can cause familial schizencephaly

A

Human homeobox gene, EMX2

87
Q

This defect is caused by the prosencephaly failing to cleave down the midline, resulting in the telencephalon containing a single ventricle

A

Holoprosencephaly

88
Q

Mild form of this defect involves an absence of olfactory bulbs and tracts

A

Holoprosencephaly

89
Q

Severe form of this involves cyclops, synophthalmia, and fusion of nose or central incisors

A

Holoprosencephaly

90
Q

This defect is the most severe manifestation of fetal alcohol syndrome, and is also often seen in trisomy 13 and 18

A

Holoprosencephaly

91
Q

Mutations in this can result in Holoprosencephaly

92
Q

Rhombomeres give rise to motor nuclei of these 8 cranial nerves

A

IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

93
Q

Cranial nerve and glangion that originates from the first epibranchial placode

A

CN VII (geniculate ganglion)

94
Q

Cranial nerve and glangion that originates from the otic placode

A

CN VIII (acoustic ganglion)

95
Q

Cranial nerve and glangion that originates from the second epibranchial placode

A

CN IX (inferior ganglion)

96
Q

Cranial nerve and glangion that originates from the third and fourth epibranchial placodes

A

CN X (inferior)

Neuro - Week 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions