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Neuro - Week 2 > Brainstem & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brainstem & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN III passes in the interpeduncular fossa between these two arteries

A

PCA and SCA

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2
Q

This cranial nerve may be affected by aneurysm of Posterior communicating artery

A

CN III

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3
Q

Uncal herniation affects this cranial nerve

A

CN III

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4
Q

Type of fibers of CN III that are initially involved during compression

A

Parasympathetic fibers

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5
Q

In CN III, do parasympathetic or somatomotor fibers utilize ciliary ganglion and are situated peripherally?

A

Parasympathetic

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6
Q

In CN III, are parasympathetic or somatomotor fibers located centrally?

A

Somatomotor

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7
Q

Type of fibers in CN III that are initially affected by ischemia

A

Somatomotor

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8
Q

CN III is in the midbrain at the level of this

A

Superior colliculus

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9
Q

Nucleus of CN III that supplies the preganglionic parasympathetic innervation

A

Edinger-Westphal (GVE)

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10
Q

Most CN III motor neurons project ipsilaterally, with the exception of this muscle, which receives contralateral innervation

A

Superior rectus

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11
Q

Most CN III motor neurons project ipsilaterally, with the exception of this muscle, which has neurons distributed to both sides of the brain (bilateral distribution)

A

Levator palpebrae superioris (LPS)

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12
Q

Complete palsy of this nerve results in an eye that is down and out

A

CN III

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13
Q

Pupil that is fixed and dilated with loss of accommodation results when parasympathetic fibers of this nerve are involved

A

CN III

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14
Q

Ischemia preferentially affects this type of fibers of CN III

A

Somatic motor

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15
Q

Compression lesions affect this type of fibers of CN III

A

Parasympathetic

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16
Q

A transtentorial herniation results in increased pressure that forces the uncus to compress this nerve

A

CN III

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17
Q

This cranial nerve is affected in a transtentorial herniation

A

CN III

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18
Q

Diabetes mellitus most commonly affects this cranial nerve

A

CN III
(spares pupilloconstrictors)

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19
Q

CN IV nucleus is in the midbrain at the level of this

A

Inferior colliculus

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20
Q

CN IV decussates in this location

A

Superior (anterior) medullary velum

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21
Q

CN IV exits the contralateral side of this part of the midbrain

A

Dorsal

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22
Q

CN IV innervates this muscle

A

Superior oblique muscle

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23
Q

Complete palsy of this cranial nerve results in vertical strabismus, with the eye deviated upward and slightly inward

A

CN IV

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24
Q

Lesion to this cranial nerve results in vertical diplopia maximum on downward gaze, resulting in difficulty going downstairs and reading

A

CN IV

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25
Q

A patient who tilts their head to the contralateral side of the paretic muscle to decrease diplopia may have lesion to this cranial nerve

A

CN IV

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26
Q

Abducens nucleus is in the dorsal pontine tegmentum at the level of this

A

Lower pons

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27
Q

CN VI emerges at this junction near midline

A

Pontomedullary junction

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28
Q

CN VI nucleus underlies this

A

Facial colliculus (elevated area on the floor of the 4th ventricle)

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29
Q

This cranial nerve nucleus underlies the facial colliculus (of the floor of the 4th ventricle)

A

CN VI

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30
Q

Lesion of this cranial nerve causes impaired ipsilateral lateral gaze

A

CN VI

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31
Q

Patients with unilateral palsy of this nerve have horizontal diplopia, worse in the direction of the paretic LR muscle

A

CN VI

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32
Q

A peripheral lesion of this cranial nerve causes impaired lateral gaze (= horizontal diplopia)
Ex: right side lesion of nerve impairs rightward gaze of right eye only

A

CN VI

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33
Q

A nuclear lesion of this cranial nerve impairs ipsilateral gaze of both eyes
Ex: right-sided lesion of nucleus impairs rightward gaze of both eyes

A

CN VI

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34
Q

Caudal basilar pontine lesion causes this

A

Alternating hemiplegia

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35
Q

The abducens nuclear complex contains interneurons projecting via this tract, to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus (innervating the contralateral middle rectus muscle)

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

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36
Q

The abducens nuclear complex contains interneurons projecting via the medial longitudinal fasciculus, to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus (innervating this muscle)

A

Contralateral middle rectus muscle

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37
Q

Syndrome where unilateral pontine lesion may result in a loss of medial and lateral voluntary eye movement on the side of the lesion and a loss of medial horizontal eye movement on the contralateral side

A

One and a half syndrome

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38
Q

A unilateral pontine lesion may result in this syndrome involving CN VI

A

One and a half syndrome

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39
Q

These 5 cranial nerves lie on the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

A

CN III, IV, VI, and V1 and V2

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40
Q

This cranial nerve is adjacent to the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery, making it vulnerable to aneurysm

A

CN VI

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41
Q

CN VI is vulnerable to aneurysm to this artery

A

Internal carotid

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42
Q

This cranial nerve is vulnerable to aneurysm of internal carotid artery

A

CN VI

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43
Q

This cranial nerve does not enter the cavernous sinus but rather leaves the cranial base through the foramen ovale

A

CN V3

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44
Q

This describes the large sensory root of CN V

A

Portio major

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45
Q

This describes the smaller motor root of CN V

A

Portio minor

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46
Q

CN V1 enters the orbit through this

A

Superior orbital fissure

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47
Q

This branch of CN V supplies the orbit and upper face

A

CN V1

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48
Q

CN V2 passes through this

A

Foramen rotundum

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49
Q

This branch of CN V provides sensory supply to midface and upper teeth

A

CN V2

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50
Q

CN V3 passes through this

A

Foramen ovale

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51
Q

Branch of CN V that supplies sensory to lower face, lower teeth, and anterior 2/3 of tongue, as well as motor to muscles of mastication

A

CN V3

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52
Q

What is the function of the CN V chief sensory nucleus?

A

Discriminative touch, vibration, conscious proprioception

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53
Q

Which CN V nucleus is responsible for Discriminative touch, vibration, conscious proprioception?

A

Chief sensory nucleus

54
Q

Where is the CN V chief sensory nucleus located?

A

In the pons

55
Q

What is the function of the CN V spinal nucleus?

A

Pain and temperature

56
Q

Which CN V nucleus is responsible for pain and temperature?

A

Spinal nucleus

57
Q

The CN V spinal nucleus extends caudally from the pons to this level

A

C2 spinal segment

58
Q

CN V spinal nucleus merges with this

A

Substantia gelatinosa

59
Q

This nucleus merges with the substantia gelatinosa

A

CN V spinal nucleus

60
Q

The spinal nucleus receives input from these 4 cranial nerves

A

CN V, VII, IX, and X

61
Q

Onion-skin pattern of facial sensory loss may occur when this nerve is affected

A

CN V (spinal nucleus)

62
Q

The CN V mesencephalic nucleus extends from pons cranially to this

A

Superior colliculus in midbrain

63
Q

The CN V mesencephalic nucleus extends from this cranially to the superior colliculus in midbrain

64
Q

Nucleus of CN V that contains primary sensory neurons involved in proprioception of masticatory muscles and TMJ

A

Mesencephalic nucleus

65
Q

What is the function of the CN V Mesencephalic nucleus?

A

Primary sensory involved in proprioception (of masticatory muscles and TMJ)

66
Q

Nucleus of CN V that provides sensory for jaw jerk

A

Mesencephalic nucleus

67
Q

What nucleus provides sensory for jaw jerk?

A

CN V Mesencephalic nucleus

68
Q

Nucleus of CN V that provides motor for jaw jerk

A

Motor nucleus

69
Q

Lesions to this cranial nerve result in the jaw deviating to the paralyzed side when opened
Due to lack of contraction of ipsilateral masticatory muscles

70
Q

Partial deafness to low-pitched sounds

71
Q

Hypacusis due to paralysis of tensor tympani can occur with lesion to this cranial nerve

72
Q

Bilateral loss of corneal reflex occurs due to lesion of this cranial nerve

73
Q

CN VII axons loop around this, forming the genu of the facial nerve and facial colliculus

A

CN VI nucleus

74
Q

What forms the genu of the facial nerve?

A

CN VII axons looping around the CN VI nucleus
(facial colliculus is formed by this genu)

75
Q

After emerging from the pons, the motor division and nervus intermedius of CN VII enter this

A

The internal acoustic canal (in petrous temporal bone)

76
Q

Is central facial palsy caused by a UMN or LMN lesion?

A

UMN
Affects the muscles of contralateral lower face

77
Q

Does central facial palsy (supra-nuclear palsy) affect the muscles of the ipsilateral or contralateral lower face?

A

Contralateral

78
Q

Is Bell’s palsy an UMN or LMN lesion?

A

LMN
Flaccid paralysis of the ipsilateral muscles of facial expression

79
Q

Is Bell’s palsy a flaccid paralysis of the ipsilateral or contralateral muscles of facial expression?

A

Ipsilateral

80
Q

UMN lesion of CN VII affecting the muscles of contralateral lower face

A

Central facial palsy

81
Q

Flaccid paralysis of the ipsilateral muscles of facial expression due to LMN lesion to CN VII

A

Bell’s palsy

82
Q

Lesion to this cranial nerve causes loss of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

83
Q

Hyperacusis occurs in CN VII lesion due to paralysis of this

84
Q

Hyperacusis due to stapedius paralysis occurs after lesion to this cranial nerve

85
Q

Paroxysmal otalgia attributed to vascular (usually AICA) compression of nervus intermedius of CN VII

A

Geniculate neuralgia

86
Q

Geniculate neuralgia is paroxysmal otalgia attributed to vascular (usually AICA) compression of this

A

Nervus intermedius of CN VII

87
Q

Geniculate neuralgia is paroxysmal otalgia compression of nervus intermedius of CN VI by this

A

Vascular - usually anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

88
Q

What artery usually causes Geniculate neuralgia?

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

89
Q

Geniculate neuralgia is paroxysmal otalgia attributed to vascular (usually AICA) compression of this component of CN VII

A

Nervus intermedius

90
Q

Geniculate neuralgia is paroxysmal otalgia attributed to vascular (usually AICA) compression of nervus intermedius, a component of this cranial nerve

91
Q

Condition where lacrimation occurs during eating due to a CN VII lesion proximal to the geniculate ganglion

A

Crocodile tear syndrome

92
Q

Crocodile tear syndrome is when lacrimation occurs during eating due to a lesion to this

A

CN VII (proximal to the geniculate ganglion)

93
Q

Crocodile tear syndrome is when lacrimation occurs during eating due to a lesion to CN VII proximal to this

A

Geniculate ganglion

94
Q

This is responsible for the afferent corneal reflex

A

CN V principal sensory nucleus

95
Q

This is responsible for the efferent corneal reflex

A

CN VII motor nucleus

96
Q

Lesion to this cranial nerve results in both direct and indirect (bilateral) corneal reflex loss

97
Q

Lesion to this cranial nerve results in unilateral abolition of corneal reflux

98
Q

CN IX leaves the medulla at this

A

Postolivary sulcus

99
Q

CN IX sends off this branch before exiting the skull through the jugular foramen

A

Tympanic branch to middle ear

100
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from this in the rostral medulla travel with CN IX and join the tympanic nerve to enter the tympanic plexus (no synapse here), from which the lesser petrosal nerve (LPN) arises

A

Salivatory nucleus

101
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from inferior salivatory nucleus in rostral medulla travel with CN IX and join this nerve to enter the tympanic plexus (no synapse here), from which the lesser petrosal nerve (LPN) arises

A

Tympanic nerve

102
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from inferior salivatory nucleus in rostral medulla travel with CN IX and join the tympanic nerve to enter the tympanic plexus (no synapse here), from which this nerve arises

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

103
Q

Lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of CN IX that reenters cranium through a small canal in petrous temporal bone, then travels back out through foramen ovale to synapse in this

A

Optic ganglion

104
Q

Lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of this

105
Q

Postganglionic fibers of CN IX travel with this nerve branch from CN V3 to parotid gland to cause salivation

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

106
Q

Unilateral UMN lesions of this cranial nerve cause no deficit as there is bilateral corticobulbar innervation of the nucleus ambiguus

107
Q

Lesion to this cranial nerve causes ipsilateral loss of sensation over soft palate, posterior one third of tongue, and nasopharynx; loss of tase from posterior tongue

108
Q

Condition causing paroxymsal excruciating otalgia, often associated with swallowing, coughing, chewing, yawning
Most commonly due to vascular compression by PICA

A

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

109
Q

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is most commonly due to vascular compression by this artery

110
Q

This is a well documented complication of parotid surgery and is also known as auriculotemporal syndrome

A

Frey’s syndrome

111
Q

Loss of palatal reflex occurs due to lesion of this cranial nerve

112
Q

Does this describe nuclear or supranuclear palsy to CN X:
unilateral vagal injury may result in failure of palatal elevation, uvular deviation away from the lesion, dysphagia, dysarthria, vocal cord paralysis with hoarseness, and dysphonia

113
Q

Does this describe nuclear or supranuclear palsy to CN X:
If unilateral, no or minor deficit (bilateral corticobulbar input to nucleus ambiguus)

A

Supranuclear

114
Q

Uvula deviation away from the lesion is caused by lesion to this cranial nerve

A

CN X (nuclear lesion)

115
Q

Vocal cord paralysis with hoarseness is seen in lesion to this cranial nerve

A

CN X (nuclear lesion)

116
Q

Bilateral UMN or LMN lesions may result in severe dysfunction of CN IX and X and associated severe dysphagia?

117
Q

Bilateral UMN lesions may result in severe dysfunction of CN IX and X, and this distinct syndrome characterized by severe dysphagia, spastic dysarthria, and loss of emotional control with pathologic crying

A

Pseudobulbar palsy

118
Q

Cranial nerve that provides afferent to GAG reflex

A

CN IX (to caudal nucleus solitarius)

119
Q

Cranial nerve that provides efferent to GAG reflex

A

CN X (to pharyngeal muscles)

120
Q

Aortic aneurysms and tumors of the neck and thorax frequently compress this cranial nerve

121
Q

Does a nuclear or supranuclear lesion to CN XI cause ipsilateral SCM and trapezius palsy?

122
Q

Does a nuclear or supranuclear lesion to CN XI cause ipsilateral SCM and contralateral trapezius palsy?

A

Supranuclear

123
Q

Does nuclear CN XI lesion cause ipsilateral or contralateral SCM and trapezius palsy?

A

Ipsilateral (for both muscles)

124
Q

Does supranuclear CN XI lesion cause ipsilateral or contralateral SCM and trapezius palsy?

A

Ipsilateral SCM
Contralateral trapezius

125
Q

CN XII emerges from the medulla at this

A

Pre-olivary (anterior lateral) sulcus

126
Q

Cranial nerve that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and all of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus

127
Q

Does this describe a nuclear or supranuclear lesion to CN XII:
tongue deviates toward the opposite side of the lesion; spastic

A

Supranuclear

128
Q

Does this describe a nuclear or supranuclear lesion to CN XII:
tongue deviates toward same side of lesion; fasciculation and atrophy

129
Q

In a nuclear CN XII lesion, which way does the tongue deviate?

A

Towards same side as lesion

130
Q

In a supranuclear CN XII lesion, which way does the tongue deviate?

A

Towards the opposite side of the lesion

Neuro - Week 2 (10 decks)

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