Neu 7 - Regions Of The Brain

Question 1

What is the definition of Dysarthria ?

Answer 1

Motor inability to speak (movement deficit)

Question 2

What type of aphasia develops a patient with lesion in broca area?

Answer 2

Nonfluent aphasia, intact comprehension and impaired repetition, difficulty forming complete sentences.

Question 3

Patient with lesion in wernicke’s area, what kind of aphasia development ?

Answer 3

Fluent aphasia, impaired comprehension and repetition, makes no sense.
Wernicke’s = “What?”

Question 4

What is the aphasia conduction?

Answer 4

Kind of aphasia characterized by poor repetition but fluent speech, intact comprehension, can be caused by damage to accurate fasciculus.

Question 5

What is the global aphasia?

Answer 5

Nonfluent aphasia with impaired comprehension, arcuate fasciculus, Broca and Wernicke area affected.

Question 6

What results on amygdala lesion?

Answer 6

Klüver-Bucy syndrome characterized by hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality (Disinhibited behavior). Also associated with HIV-1.

Question 7

What results on Frontal lobe lesion?

Answer 7

Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, judgment, may have reemergence of primitive reflexes.

Question 8

What results on Nondominant parietal-temporal cortex lesion?

Answer 8

Hemispatial neglect syndrome (agnostic of the contralateral side of the world.

Question 9

What results on Dominant parietal-temporal cortex lesion?

Answer 9

Gerstmann syndrome characterized by Agraphia (inability to write), acalculia (inability to calculate), finger agnosia (inability to distinguish fingers) and left-right disorientation.

Question 10

What results on Reticular activating system (midbrain) lesion?

Answer 10

Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (e.g., coma).

Question 11

What results on Mammillary bodies lesion?

Answer 11

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome characterized by confusion, ophtalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes.

Question 12

What disease is associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency?

Answer 12

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. “Wernicke problems come in a CAN of beer: Confusion Ataxia Nystagmus”.

Question 13

What results on the basal ganglia lesion?

Answer 13

May result in tremor at rest, chorea, athetosis.
Parkinson disease (Hypokinesis) and Huntington disease (Hyperkinesis).

Question 14

What results on cerebellar hemisphere lesion?

Answer 14

Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance. Fall toward side of lesion.

Question 15

What results on cerebellar vermis lesion?

Answer 15

Truncal ataxia, dysarthria. “Vermis is centrally located - affects central body”

Question 16

What results on subthalamic nucleus lesion?

Answer 16

Contralateral heminallismus.

Question 17

What results on Hippocampus lesion?

Answer 17

Anterograde amnesia-inability to make new memories.

Question 18

What results on paramedian pontine reticular formation lesion?

Answer 18

Eyes look away from side of lesion.

Question 19

What results on superior colliculi lesion?

Answer 19

Paralysis of upward gaze. Parinaud’s syndrome.

Question 20

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Middle Cerebral Artery stroke?

Answer 20

Contralateral paralysis: upper limb and face. Contralateral loss of sensation: upper limb and face. Aphasia if in dominant (usually left) hemisphere. Hemineglect if lesion affects nondominant (usually right) side.

Question 21

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Cerebral Artery stroke?

Answer 21

Contralateral paralysis- lower limb. Contralateral loss of sensation-lower limb.

Question 22

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Lenticulo-Striate Artery stroke?

Answer 22

Contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia. Common location of lacunar infarcts, 2nd to unmanaged hypertension.

Question 23

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Spinal Artery stroke?

Answer 23

Contralateral hemiparesis- upper and lower limbs. Decreases Contralateral proprioception. Ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (tongue deviates ipsilaterally). Stroke commonly bilateral.

Question 24

Medial medullary syndrome

Answer 24

Caused by infarct of paramedian branches of ASA and vertebral arteries.

Question 25

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery stroke?

Answer 25

[Don't pick a Horse that can't eat] Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, hoarseness, impaired gag reflex, Ipsilateral Horner syndrome. Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome: nucleus ambiguous effects are specific to PICA lesion.

Question 26

What is Aphasia?

Answer 26

Higher-order inability to speak (language deficit).

Question 27

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery stroke?

Answer 27

Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus. Paralysis of face, decrease lacrimation, salivation, decreases taste 2/3 of tongue.

Question 28

What is Lateral pontine syndrome?

Answer 28

[Facial droop means AICA's pooped] Facial nucleus effects are specific to AICA lesions.

Question 29

What are the symptoms of a Posterior Cerebral Artery stroke?

Answer 29

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing.

Question 30

What are the symptoms of a Basilar Artery stroke?

Answer 30

[Locked-in syndrome] Preserved consciousness and blinking, quadriplegia, loss of voluntary facial, mouth, and tongue movements.

Question 31

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Communicating Artery stroke?

Answer 31

Visual field defects. Lesions are typically aneurysms, not strokes.

Question 32

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Posterior Communicating Artery stroke?

Answer 32

CN III palsy- eye is "down and out" with ptosis and mydriasis. Lesions are typically aneurysms, not strokes.

Question 33

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for Hemispatial neglect syndrome?

Answer 33

Non-dominant parietal lobe.

Question 34

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for poor repetition?

Answer 34

Arcuate fasciculus.

Question 35

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for poor comprehension?

Answer 35

Wernicke's area.

Question 36

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for poor vocal expression?

Answer 36

Broca's area.

Question 37

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for personality changes?

Answer 37

Frontal lobe.

Question 38

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for Dysarthria?

Answer 38

Cerebellar vermis.

Question 39

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for Agraphia and Acalculia?

Answer 39

Dominant parietal lobe

Question 40

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior?

Answer 40

Kleuver-Bucy syndrome (Bilateral Amygdala lesion).

Question 41

What typically is the cause of a lesion to the mammillary bodies?

Answer 41

Thiamine deficiency.

Question 42

What is the most feared consequence of carotid artery stenosis?

Answer 42

Rupture atherosclerotic carotid damage, Thromboembolism to the brain and ischemia or embolic stroke.

Question 43

What artery is damaged with Broca or Wernicke aphasia?

Answer 43

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA).

Question 44

What artery is damaged with Unilateral lower extremity sensory and/or motor loss.

Answer 44

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA).

Question 45

What artery is damaged with unitlateral facial and arm sensory and/or motor loss?

Answer 45

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA).