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DIT Neuro > Neu 7 - Regions Of The Brain > Flashcards

Neu 7 - Regions Of The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Dysarthria ?

A

Motor inability to speak (movement deficit)

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2
Q

What type of aphasia develops a patient with lesion in broca area?

A

Nonfluent aphasia, intact comprehension and impaired repetition, difficulty forming complete sentences.

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3
Q

Patient with lesion in wernicke’s area, what kind of aphasia development ?

A

Fluent aphasia, impaired comprehension and repetition, makes no sense.
Wernicke’s = “What?”

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4
Q

What is the aphasia conduction?

A

Kind of aphasia characterized by poor repetition but fluent speech, intact comprehension, can be caused by damage to accurate fasciculus.

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5
Q

What is the global aphasia?

A

Nonfluent aphasia with impaired comprehension, arcuate fasciculus, Broca and Wernicke area affected.

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6
Q

What results on amygdala lesion?

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome characterized by hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality (Disinhibited behavior). Also associated with HIV-1.

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7
Q

What results on Frontal lobe lesion?

A

Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, judgment, may have reemergence of primitive reflexes.

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8
Q

What results on Nondominant parietal-temporal cortex lesion?

A

Hemispatial neglect syndrome (agnostic of the contralateral side of the world.

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9
Q

What results on Dominant parietal-temporal cortex lesion?

A

Gerstmann syndrome characterized by Agraphia (inability to write), acalculia (inability to calculate), finger agnosia (inability to distinguish fingers) and left-right disorientation.

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10
Q

What results on Reticular activating system (midbrain) lesion?

A

Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (e.g., coma).

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11
Q

What results on Mammillary bodies lesion?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome characterized by confusion, ophtalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss (anterograde and retrograde amnesia), confabulation, personality changes.

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12
Q

What disease is associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. “Wernicke problems come in a CAN of beer: Confusion Ataxia Nystagmus”.

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13
Q

What results on the basal ganglia lesion?

A 
May result in tremor at rest, chorea, athetosis.
Parkinson disease (Hypokinesis) and Huntington disease (Hyperkinesis).
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14
Q

What results on cerebellar hemisphere lesion?

A

Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance. Fall toward side of lesion.

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15
Q

What results on cerebellar vermis lesion?

A

Truncal ataxia, dysarthria. “Vermis is centrally located - affects central body”

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16
Q

What results on subthalamic nucleus lesion?

A

Contralateral heminallismus.

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17
Q

What results on Hippocampus lesion?

A

Anterograde amnesia-inability to make new memories.

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18
Q

What results on paramedian pontine reticular formation lesion?

A

Eyes look away from side of lesion.

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19
Q

What results on superior colliculi lesion?

A

Paralysis of upward gaze. Parinaud’s syndrome.

20
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Middle Cerebral Artery stroke?

A

Contralateral paralysis: upper limb and face. Contralateral loss of sensation: upper limb and face. Aphasia if in dominant (usually left) hemisphere. Hemineglect if lesion affects nondominant (usually right) side.

21
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Cerebral Artery stroke?

A

Contralateral paralysis- lower limb. Contralateral loss of sensation-lower limb.

22
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Lenticulo-Striate Artery stroke?

A

Contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia. Common location of lacunar infarcts, 2nd to unmanaged hypertension.

23
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Spinal Artery stroke?

A

Contralateral hemiparesis- upper and lower limbs. Decreases Contralateral proprioception. Ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (tongue deviates ipsilaterally). Stroke commonly bilateral.

24
Q

Medial medullary syndrome

A

Caused by infarct of paramedian branches of ASA and vertebral arteries.

25
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery stroke?

A

[Don’t pick a Horse that can’t eat] Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, hoarseness, impaired gag reflex, Ipsilateral Horner syndrome. Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome: nucleus ambiguous effects are specific to PICA lesion.

26
Q

What is Aphasia?

A

Higher-order inability to speak (language deficit).

27
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery stroke?

A

Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus. Paralysis of face, decrease lacrimation, salivation, decreases taste 2/3 of tongue.

28
Q

What is Lateral pontine syndrome?

A

[Facial droop means AICA’s pooped] Facial nucleus effects are specific to AICA lesions.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of a Posterior Cerebral Artery stroke?

A

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing.

30
Q

What are the symptoms of a Basilar Artery stroke?

A

[Locked-in syndrome] Preserved consciousness and blinking, quadriplegia, loss of voluntary facial, mouth, and tongue movements.

31
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Anterior Communicating Artery stroke?

A

Visual field defects. Lesions are typically aneurysms, not strokes.

32
Q

How can be symptoms of the stroke in the Posterior Communicating Artery stroke?

A

CN III palsy- eye is “down and out” with ptosis and mydriasis. Lesions are typically aneurysms, not strokes.

33
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for Hemispatial neglect syndrome?

A

Non-dominant parietal lobe.

34
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for poor repetition?

A

Arcuate fasciculus.

35
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for poor comprehension?

A

Wernicke’s area.

36
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for poor vocal expression?

A

Broca’s area.

37
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for personality changes?

A

Frontal lobe.

38
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for Dysarthria?

A

Cerebellar vermis.

39
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for Agraphia and Acalculia?

A

Dominant parietal lobe

40
Q

A lesion to which area of the brain is responsible for hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior?

A

Kleuver-Bucy syndrome (Bilateral Amygdala lesion).

41
Q

What typically is the cause of a lesion to the mammillary bodies?

A

Thiamine deficiency.

42
Q

What is the most feared consequence of carotid artery stenosis?

A

Rupture atherosclerotic carotid damage, Thromboembolism to the brain and ischemia or embolic stroke.

43
Q

What artery is damaged with Broca or Wernicke aphasia?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA).

44
Q

What artery is damaged with Unilateral lower extremity sensory and/or motor loss.

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA).

45
Q

What artery is damaged with unitlateral facial and arm sensory and/or motor loss?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA).

DIT Neuro (15 decks)

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