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DIT Neuro > Neu 3 - Sleep > Flashcards

Neu 3 - Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Alert, active mental concentration in which sleep stage it is? And what waveform EEG shows?

A

Awake (eyes open) and Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude).

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2
Q

Meditating, what is the sleep stage of this person and what waveform shows the EEG?

A

Awake (sleep closed), Alpha wave

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3
Q

Which stage is characterized by light sleep and Theta wave in the EEG?

A

Non-REM sleep: Stage N1(5%).

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4
Q

Non-REM sleep: Stage N2 (45%)

A

Deeper sleep; When bruxism occurs, Sleep spindles and K complexes.

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5
Q

Which sleep stage is characterized by sleepwalking, nightmares, and nocturnal enuresis and also Delta waves?

A

Non-REM sleep: Stage N3 (25%). Benzodiazepines decrease stage N3.

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6
Q

What does REM mean?

A

Rapid Eyes Movement.

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of REM sleep (25%)?

A

Loss of motor tone, increased brain O2 use, and variable pulse and blood pressure; when dreaming and penile/clitoral tumescence occur, EEG shows Beta waves.

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8
Q

Which structure of the brain produces the movement of the eyes in REM sleep?

A

PPRF (Paramedial Pontine Reticular Formation)

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9
Q

What do we see in EEG in Relaxation?

A

Alpha waves

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10
Q

What do we see in EEG in Stage N1?

A

Theta waves

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11
Q

What do we see in EEG in Stage N2?

A

Bruxism and Sleep spindles and K complexes.

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12
Q

What do we see in EEG in Stage N3?

A

Delta waves, sleepwalking and nocturnal enuresis.

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13
Q

What do we see in EEG in REM?

A

Beta waves, lose muscle tone and dreams.

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14
Q

Which are the most common sleep disorders?

A

Insomnia, Restless leg syndrome, Night terrors, Obstructive sleep apnea, Central sleep apnea, Narcolepsy and Nocturnal enuresis.

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15
Q

What types of restless leg syndrome exists?

A

Primary and secondary.

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16
Q

Which are the characteristics of night terrors?

A

Common in children, during the Non-REM slow-wave sleep (stage N3).

17
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

Patients true from Awake to REM sleep and skip the others stages.

18
Q

Which of the sleep disorders can not be diagnosed until 5 years of age?

A

Nocturnal enuresis.

19
Q

What drugs can be used in nocturnal enuresis?

A

1)Imipramine: TCA, decreases stage N3, Short-term use only. 2)Desmopressin (DDAVP): orally, decreases urination. 3)Indomethacin: Decreases renal blood flow.

20
Q

What is the benefit of using Melatonin for treatment of insomnia?

A

Non-addictive, OCT, vivid dreams, safe for

21
Q

What is the benefit of using Valerian for treatment of insomnia?

A

OTC herbal remedy, studies show no benefit.

22
Q

What is the benefit of using Antihistamines (Benadryl, Tylenol PM, Doxylamine) for treatment of insomnia?

A

Commonly used by patients first-line, associated with poor sleep quality, not for long-term use, anticholinergic side effects (avoid in the elderly).

23
Q

What do we in the EEG in depression?

A

Decreases slow wave sleep and increases REM and REM latency.

24
Q

Which are the sleep stages?

A

1) Awake (eyes open). 2)Awake (eyes closed).

3) Non-REM sleep (N1,N2 and N3). 4)REM sleep.

25
Q

What is the benefit of using Trazodone for treatment of insomnia?

A

Antidepressant, increase REM sleep, small risk of priapism.

26
Q

What is the benefit of using TCAs for treatment of insomnia?

A

Antidepressants, small risk of Arrhythmias (obtain EKG prior to use), anticholinergic side effects (avoid in the elderly).

27
Q

What is the downside of using Long acting benzodiazepines (temazepan, lorazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide) as treatment for insomnia?

A

Addictive, short-term only.

28
Q

What is the benefit of using Zolpidem (ambien), zaleplon (sonata) for treatment of insomnia?

A

Act at the benzo receptor, short-term only.

29
Q

What is the benefit of using Ramelteon (Rozerem) for treatment of insomnia?

A

Non-addictive because it works at melatonin receptors instead of GABA/benzo receptors; long-term studies are lacking.

30
Q

What is the treatment for narcolepsy?

A

Avoidance of drugs that cause sleepiness, scheduled naps (once or twice a day for 10-20min), stimulants-modalities is first line, support group attendance, if cataplexy then use venlafaxine, fluoxetine, or atomoxetine, Sodium oxybate (GHB) can assist in sleep and reduce cataplexy.

31
Q

What EEG waveforms correspond to the different stages of sleep?

A

Awake eyes open (Beta), Awake eyes closed (Alpha), N1 (theta), N2 (K complexes), N3 (Delta) and REM sleep (Beta).

32
Q

What drugs are used to shorten stage N3 sleep?

A

Imipramine and benzodiazepines

33
Q

What is the sleep pattern in a patient with narcolepsy?

A

Rapidly transition from the Awake state to REM sleep.

34
Q

In what stage of sleep are night terrors found?

A

Non-REM sleep: Stage N3

35
Q

How long does REM sleep occur?

A

Every 90 minutes

DIT Neuro (15 decks)

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