Networking Concepts Flashcards
When does TCP send data?
When it knows the place it is sending it is on and ready to receive it
What are the limitations of the TCP/IP model?
- TCP/IP layers are theoretical and do not actually perform real functions
- Industry implementations rarely have a layer-to-layer correspondence with the TCP/IP layers
- Different protocols within the stack perform different functions, which help send or receive the overall message
- A particular protocol implementation may not represent every layer or it may spread across multiple layers
Describe the Application layer of the TCP/IP model
also called the Process-to-Process layer, corresponds to the Session, Presentation, and Application layers of the OSI model.
Describe the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP model
also called the Host-to-Host layer and is responsible for error checking and reliable packet delivery. The Transport layer breaks the data stream into segments and assigns sequence numbers so that the segments can be reassembled correctly at the destination.
Describe the Internet Layer of the TCP/IP model
It is responsible for moving packets through a network. This involves addressing and making routing decisions to identify how the packet traverses the network.
Describe the Link Layer of the TCP/IP model
It is responsible for describing the physical layout of the network and how messages are formatted on the transmission medium. Sometimes this layer is divided into the Data Link and the Physical layers.
What is the primary protocols that runs at the application layer of the TCP/IP model
HTTP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet/SSH, SMTP
What is the main purpose of the Transport Layer Protocol of the TCP/IP model
- Identifies protocol number
-Ensures transmission reliability
Receives data in correct order
What is sequencing in the TCP communications?
If data arrives out of order it can rearrange into the right way
What is UDP and what is the difference between TCP and UDP protocols?
User Datagram protocol TCP is secure where UDP has no 3 way handshake , no sequencing, no flow control around the data
Why would you use the UDP protocol over the TCP/IP protocol?
Its faster but not secure
What does the internet layer of the TCP/IP protocol do?
Identifies where the host is
Determines the path to the receiver
What is one of the primary purposes of a router?
Divide Large networks into smaller more manageable networks called broadcast domains or virtual LANs
What does the Link Layer do in the TCP/IP model
It gets the data that is packaged onto the network
Standardized data format
On the Link layer what what sub layers is responsible for framing and what does framing mean?
The data link layer and framing is the packaging of data with physical address to identify the NIC that sent it and which card its supposed to go to
Explain the 3-way handshake
- Source host sends destination host a TCP SYN message
- The destination responds with the TCP SYN/ACK message
- The source host responds with a TCP ACK message
When should you use TCP/IP protocol?
for communications where data integrity is more important than transmission speed
What port is SMTP on?
Port 25
What port is DNS on?
port 53
What port is POP3 on
port 110
What port is IMAP on?
Port 143
What protocols reside on the internet layer?
-Internet protocol
-Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
-Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
What are the functions of the internet layer?
-Maintaining addresses of neighboring routers.
-Maintaining a list of known networks.
-Determining the next network point to which data should be sent. Routers use a routing
protocol to take into account various factors, such as the number of hops in the path,
link speed, and link reliability to select the optimal path for data.
What is the range of well known ports?
0-1023
What is the range of registered ports?
1024-49151
What is the range of dynamic ports?
49152-65535
What service is DHCP on?
67 and 68
What port is SMTP on and what network protocol does it use?
25 TCP and UDP
