13.1 Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Question 1

Describe (NTP) Network Time Protocol

Answer 1

designed to maintain accurate and consistent time across a network.

Question 2

Router(config)#feature ntp

Answer 2

Enables NTP on the device.

Question 3

Router(config)#ntp server [address]

Answer 3

Allows the software clock to be synchronized with the specified NTP time server.

Question 4

Router(config)#ntp master [stratum-value]

Answer 4

Configures the device as an NTP master clock to which peers synchronize when an external NTP source is not available:

Question 5

Router(config)#clock timezone [zone] [offset]

Answer 5

Sets the time zone and offset for display purposes:

Question 6

Router(config)#clock summer-time [zone]

Answer 6

Sets the time zone to display during summer time (e.g., PDT for Pacific Daylight Time).

Question 7

Router#show ntp status

Answer 7

Verifies that the local time is synchronized with the NTP time provider specified in the ntp server command. Offset and dispersion statistics are displayed as well.

Question 8

Router#show ntp associations

Answer 8

Displays time synchronization statistics. One line is displayed for each NTP time provider the system has been configured to synchronize time with. On each line, the following information is displayed

Question 9

What are syslogs

Answer 9

logging messages to a logging process.

Question 10

Describe the logging process

Answer 10

Controls the distribution of logging messages to various destinations (such as the logging buffer, terminal lines, or a syslog server) depending on the configuration.
Sends messages, including debug command output, to the console.

Question 11

Describe Timestamp

Answer 11

Indicates when the message was generated, as in this example:
*Aug 8 11:18:12.081:

Question 12

Describe Sequence Number

Answer 12

Can be used instead of a timestamp. Identifies the order of log generation.

Question 13

Describe Facility

Answer 13

Identifies the facility that created the message, as in this example:
%LINEPROTO

Question 14

Describe Severity Level

Answer 14

Indicates the severity level of the message, as in this example:
-5-

Question 15

Describe Mnemonic

Answer 15

Provides a mnemonic to help the administrator quickly identify the nature of the message, as in this example:
UPDOWN:

Question 16

Describe Message Text

Answer 16

Provides a description of the event, as in this example:

Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to down

Question 17

Describe Level 0

Answer 17

Emergencies - System unstable

Question 18

Describe Level 1

Answer 18

Alerts - immediate action needed

Question 19

Describe Level 2

Answer 19

Critical - Critical conditions

Question 20

Describe Level 3

Answer 20

Warnings - Warning conditions

Question 21

Describe Level 3

Answer 21

Errors - Error Conditions

Question 22

Describe level 5

Answer 22

Notifications - Normal but significant condition

Question 23

Describe Level 6

Answer 23

Inforamtional - info messages only

Question 24

Describe Level 7

Answer 24

Debugging - debug messages

Question 25

By default where do all cisco devices send logs to

Answer 25

To the console

Question 26

Router(config)#logging on

Answer 26

Enables the message logging process.

Question 27

Router(config)#logging host [address]

Router(config)#logging host [hostname]

Answer 27

Specifies the host IP address or hostname of the syslog server that will receive the messages.

Question 28

Router(config)#logging buffered

Answer 28

Specifies that the messages are to be buffered.

Question 29

Router(config)#logging trap [severity-level]

Router(config)#logging trap [0-7]

Answer 29

Specifies the messages that will be redirected to the syslog server based on severity. Messages that are equal to or less than the specified level are logged.

Question 30

Router(config)#logging source-interface [type] [number]

Answer 30

Specifies the source IP address of system logging packets.

Question 31

Router#show logging

Answer 31

Displays logging settings on the device, as well as the number of messages logged.