Networking Flashcards
Patch panel
What to look out for
- Device that allows cable network jacks from a wall into a central area
- Computers are connected to wall jacks in this system, and connected to patch panel by cables, running in the walls
- Pre-wired, RJ 45 port on the switch using a switch through or patch cable
WAP
Wireless access point
What to look out for
- Device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network
- Connect directly to a wired LAN or local area network then the WAP provides wireless connections using Wi-Fi for other devices to use that wired connection
- supports multiple wireless devices through their wired connection
- should always be configured with channels 1, 6, and 11 to maximize distance between channels and prevent overlaps
Hub
Would you look out for?
- Whatever is received on one port is repeated out every other port
- Has several different ports between 4 and 48 po
Benefits
Cons
- Leads to collisions
- increases in the number of re-broadcasts which slows down the entire network
Static IP
What to look out for
- Manually input, IP address, subnet Mask, gateway, and DNS( domain name server or domain names system)
- used to ensure servers are easy to find
- used when DHCP is disabled
Dynamic IP
Would you look out for?
- Automatically assigned using DHCP
Benefits
Cons
APIPA address
Windows-based
Autom…
Automatic, private, IP, addressing (also called Link local address)
What to look out for
- windows-based operating systems feature
- 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255
D iscover
O ffer
R equest
A cknowledge
- Enables computer to automatically assign itself an IP address when DHCP is not available to perform the function
- it can communicate with other hosts on the same network using APIPA
- APIPA to APIPA only
- can’t reach host that have valid IP obtained by DHCP
VLAN
Virtual local area network
What to look out for
- can divide single switch into multiple networks
- only supported on managed switches
- Can communicate between different VLAN
- allows sub networks
VPN
Virtual private network
What to look out for
- Extends private network across public network
Enables users to send/receive data share or public networks as if connected to private network
DSL modem
Digital subscriber line
What to look out for
- used to connect computer or router to phone line which supplies Internet connections
Dynamic NAT
What to look out for
- Many-to-one mapping of private IP addresses or subnet masks inside a LAN or local area network inside to a public IP or subnet the local area
802.11AC ( Wi-Fi 5)
What to look out for
- 5 GHz frequency
- 6.9 Gbps
- Multiple user multiple input multiple output (MUMIMO
- channel bonding? (160MHZ)
802.11AX (Wi-Fi 6)
What to look out for
- 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency
- 9.6 Gbps
- orthogonal frequency division multiple access
802.11a
What to look out for
- 5 GHz frequency
- 54 Mbps
802.11b
What to look out for
- 2.4 GHz frequency
- 11 Mbps
802.11g
What to look out for
- 2.4 GHz frequency
- 54 Mbps
802.11n
What to look out for
- 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency
- 150 Mbps (2.4GHz)
- 600 Mbps (5GHz)
- multiple input multiple output (MIMO)
- channel bonding? (Combining 220 MHz channels to a single 40 MHz channel)
MX record
What to look out for
- Used for outgoing SMTP and incoming POP 3/IMAP traffic
CNAME
Canonical name (or alias name)
What to look out for
- associates, one domain name as an alias of another (EX: beta.diontraining.com -> www.diontraining.com
A record
What to look out for?
- associates domain name with IPv4
AAAA Record
What to look out for
- Associates domain name with IPv6
Files sharing server
What to look out for
- A server that is used to host and control access to shared files/folders
What channels prevent interference and ensure non-overlapping of channels
Big Grapes Need Axes
- Channel 1, 6, and 11
- this includes 802.11B, 802.11G, 802.11N, 802.11AX
- utilizes 2.4 GHz (can only select 1 and 11 in the US)
- increases reliability and throughput
Network tap
What to look out for
- create a physical connection to network
- send copy of every packet received to a monitoring device for capture and analysis
Wi-Fi analyzer
What to look out for
- determines signal strength, frequency, radio, frequency interference
Tone generator
What to look out for
- Connected to a wall jack
- send repeating signal over cable
Toner probe
What to look out for
- detects cables connected to wall jack by detecting signal sent by tone generators
- Must be near or touching cable to identify positively
Cable tester
What to look out for
- Provide detailed info on physical/electrical properties of
- Test, test and report cable
- cross talk, attenuation, noise, resistance, etc
5 GHz wireless frequency
what to look out for
- 5 GHz has more channels
- Supports higher data rates than 2.4 GHz
- Less congestion and interference than 2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz frequency
What to look out for
- Longer wavelength than. 5 GHz
- Better at penetrating services than 5 GHz
- longer range with same output levels
- each channel on the 2.4 GHz spectrum is 20 MHz wide
Intrusion prevention system
Intrusion prevention system (IPS)
What to look out
- network security that detects and prevents identified threats
- Intrusion prevention systems continuously monitor your network, looking for possible malicious incidents, and capturing information about them
- IPS can block malicious network traffic, unlike an IDS, which can only log them.
Proxy server
What to look out for
- a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server providing that resource.
Syslog
System logging protocol
What to look
- port 514
- a way network devices can use a standard message format to communicate with a logging server.
- It was designed specifically to make it easy to monitor network devices.
- Devices can use a Syslog agent to send out notification messages under a wide range of specific conditions.
SSH
Secure shell
What to look out for
- is the protocol used for remote administration and file copying
- TCP port 22
- SSH is considered secure since it uses authenticated and encrypted sessions for communication.
FTP
File transfer protocol
What to look out for
- used to transfer files across the internet
- ports 20 and 21
HTTP
Hypertext transfer protocol
What to look out for
- used to provide web content to browsers
- port 80
Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) Ports
Ports 137, 139
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ports
- TCP/IP
- Ports 161, 162
- Used to collect data about network devices and monitor
their status
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Port 389
Server Message Block (SMB)
o Port 445
o Used for Windows file and printer sharing services
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
o Port 3389
o Provides graphical remote control of another client or
server
o RDP provides a full graphical user interface
Virtual Network Computing (VNC)
Port 5900
PAN
Personal area network
What to look out for
- Close range network
- based on Bluetooth or near field communication (NFC) for communications between personal devices, such as smartphones, laptops, printers, and other peripheral devices.
CAN
Campus Area Network (CAN)
▪ Connects LANs that are building-centric across a university, industrial
park, or business park
● Up to a few miles
LAN
Local area network
What to look out for
- is a network where all the nodes or hosts participating in the network are directly connected with cables or short-range wireless media.
- Connects components within a limited distance
● Up to a few hundred feet
WAN
Wide area network
What to look out for
- Spans multiple geographic locations
- Often established with leased telecommunications (Telecom) circuits
- Worldwide coverage
SAN
Storage area network
What to look out for
- Dedicated independent high-speed network
- Interconnect and delivers shared pools of storage devices to multiple servers
- Often uses fiber channel over ethernet (FCOE), fiber, channel, or Internet small computer systems interface (ISCSI) to achieve the speeds necessary to support SAN operations.
WLAN
Wireless local area network
What to look out for
- Connect computers within a small and specific geographical area using 802.11 protocols for their wireless connecting
- A wireless distribution method for two or more devices that creates a
local area network using wireless frequencies
MAN
Metropolitan area network
What to look out for
- Computer network that interconnects users within computer resources in a region, the size of a metropolitan area or city
Legacy system
What to look out for
- A legacy system is no longer directly supported by its vendor
- Legacy systems usually work well for what they do (which is why they don’t get prioritized for replacement), but they represent very severe risks in terms of security vulnerabilities.
- Networks often need to retain hosts running DOS or legacy versions of Windows (8.1 and earlier) or old-style mainframe computers to run services that are too complex or expensive to migrate to a more modern platform.
- The most convenient and least expensive way to connect older devices would be to buy an adapter
UTM
Unified threat management
What to look out for
- are network appliances that provide all the security functions of a firewall, malware scanner, intrusion detection, vulnerability scanner, data loss prevention, content filtering, and other security devices into a single device or appliance.
Advantages
- Reduced # of devices
- Lower costs
- Easier to install
Disadvantages
- Single point of failure
- Lacks detail provided by a
specialized tool
- Performance is not as effieient as single function devices
Patch systems
What to look out for
- used to conduct patch management across your organization’s network.
Embedded system
What to look out for
- is a computer system that is designed to perform a specific, dedicated function, such as a microcontroller in a medical drip or components in a control system managing a water treatment plant.