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My COMPTIA A+ Core 1 > Hardware > Flashcards

Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

RAID 10

A

What to look out for
- Fastest speed, best reliability, highest redundancy (mirroring)
- more expensive
- disc mirroring and disc stripping to protect data stored
- Minimum of four discs
- Disaster Tolerant

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2
Q

RAID 5

A

What to look out for
- block-level striping with distributed parity
- Redundancy (mirroring)
- Minimum of 3 discs
- One disk can be lost without losing any data
- Data protection
- Failure Resistant
- Fault Tolerant

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3
Q

RAID 1

A

What to look out for
- Full Redundancy (mirroring)
- Failure Resistant
- Fault Tolerant
- Minimum 2 disks
- Data protection

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4
Q

RAID 0

A

What to look out for
- Disk Striping (Speed/ performance)
- uses 100% disk space
- minimum 2 disks
- No Parity or redundancy (mirroring)

(disk striping) is the process of dividing a body of data into blocks an

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5
Q

F-Type

A

What to look out for
- F type is the connector used with coaxial cables. Both RG-6 and RG-59 are cable types used for coaxial cable connections.
- RG-6 cabling is recommended for your Cable TV, satellite, TV antennas, or broadband internet.
- RG-59 cabling is generally better for most CCTV systems and other analog video signals.

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6
Q

RJ-45 connector

A

What to look out for
- RJ-45 is an 8-pin/8-position plug or jack commonly used to connect computers onto Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN) and consists of two wiring schemes: T568A and T568B.
- Used to terminate copper twisted-pair Ethernet cable
- Also used to terminate a CAT 5e network cable

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7
Q

DB-9 connector

A

What to look out for
- Used to terminate a RS-232 serial cable

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8
Q

Fiber Optic Cable

A

What to look out for
- Uses ST, SC, LC, or MTRJ as connectors
-

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9
Q

RJ-11 connector

A

What to look out for?
used to terminate cables used for phone lines

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10
Q

Molex connector

A

What to look out for
- used to provide power to internal components of a computer from the power supply

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11
Q

Micro USB

A

What to look out for
- most often used to connect to an older smartphone (Android)
- Micro USB connectors have three forms: micro A, micro B, and micro USB 3.
- miniaturized version of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface
- developed for connecting compact and mobile devices such as smartphones, MP3 players, GPS devices, photo printers, and digital cameras.

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12
Q

Mini USB

A

What to look out for
- introduced with USB 2.0 and was used with digital cameras and early tablets.
- not commonly used in modern devices
- Looks like a hat
-

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13
Q

USB Type C (USB-C)

A

What to look out for
- the default standard used in USB 3.1 with a 24-pin connector
- The connector is reversible and can be inserted in either direction

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14
Q

USB Type B

A

What to look out for
- large form factor USB connector usually reserved for connecting to older printers and scanners

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15
Q

5,400 rpm hard disk drive

A

What to look out for
- For low-end office desktops

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16
Q

15,000 rpm hard disk drive

A

What to look out for
- high-performance gaming computer

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17
Q

gigabit NIC

A
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18
Q

Cat 5e

A

What to look out for
- Connected with 110 punchdown block
- can only operate up to 100 meters at 1 Gbps

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19
Q

110 punchdown block

A

What to look out for
- a type of punch block used to terminate runs of on-premises wiring in a structured cabling system.
- The designation 110 is also used to describe a type of insulation displacement contact (IDC) connector used to terminate twisted pair cables when using a punch-down tool similar to the older 66 punch down block.
- A 110 punchdown block provides more spacing between the terminals and is designed for Cat 5 networks to eliminate crosstalk between the cables.

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20
Q

Dual-channel memory

A

What to look out for
- a memory controller with two primary pathways through the bus to the CPU to transfer 128-bits of data in each transaction.

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21
Q

Single-channel memory

A

What to look out for
- is any memory using one 64-bit bus between the CPU and the RAM

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22
Q

Triple-channel memory

A

What to look out for
- is any memory using three 64-bit buses between the CPU and the RAM

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23
Q

Quad-channel memory

A

What to look out for
- is any memory using four 64-bit buses between the CPU and the RAM

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24
Q

PCIe (peripheral component interconnect express)

A

What to look out for
- Connects to the bus to get data to and from the motherboard for external devices
- is an interface standard for connecting high-speed components
- Every desktop PC motherboard has some PCIe slots you can use to add GPUs (video cards or graphics cards), RAID cards, network adapters, Wi-Fi cards, or SSD (solid-state drive) add-on cards.
- The types of PCIe slots available in your PC will depend on your motherboard and are designated as PCIe x1, x4, x8, and x16

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25
Q

Mini PCIe

A
  • Standard PCIe card with smaller form factor
  • Used inside of laptops, specifically for wireless networking
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26
Q

PCIe

A

What to look out for
- used for external input/output devices such as network interface cards
- bus speed determined by MB. can only support upt to maximum lanes. ex: if 24 lanes but you have two 16 slots it will slow to 24 and not be 32
Two types
- PCIe x1 is used for modems, network cards, wireless cards,
input/output devices, and audio cards
- about as long as your thumbnail
- PCIe x16
- Closest to the CPU
- 6 to 8 inch
- Used for graphics cards
gaming systems
- Provides more power & better performance

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27
Q

What are the two types pf page description languages?

A
  1. Printer Control Language
  2. PostScript
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28
Q

printer control language (PCL)

A

What to look out for
- PCL produces faster outputs that are of lower quality than PostScript
- used to tell printers how to properly layout and print the contents of a document on a page.
- PCL is faster to print than PS.
- PCL is a common printing language that is supported by many different printer manufacturers

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29
Q

PostScript

A

What to look out for
- is a page description language used in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing business.
- PS is slower but produces higher quality outputs.

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30
Q

The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)

A

What to look out for
- is a specialized Internet protocol for communication between client devices and printers (or print servers) using the HTTP protocol for data transport.

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31
Q

The Line Printer Daemon (LPD) protocol

A

What to look out for
- is a network printing protocol for submitting print jobs to a remote printer. LPD is an older protocol than IPP.

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32
Q

Laser Printer

A

What to look out for
- Toner is used by a laser printer to transfer the image to a piece of paper

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33
Q

Inkjet Printer

A

What to look out for
- uses ink

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34
Q

3-D printer to create its final design.

A

What to look out for
- Filament is used to create its final design

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35
Q

Impact Printer

A

What to look out for
- Uses a ribbon to tranfer image to a piece of paper

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36
Q

European 220v-240v power supply

A

What to look out for
- In Europe, the nominal voltage of a power outlet is 220V
- Device wont power on if plugged into 115v or lower voltage outlet

It is always important to ensure the correct power supply input setting is used for your computer based on the location in which you are using it

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37
Q

USA 115v power supply

A

What to look out for
- In the United States, the nominal voltage is 115V
- If a computer/ device is set to 115V and plugged into a 220V outlet, the power supply could be destroyed or catch fire.

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38
Q

USB 1.0

A

What to look out for
- Slowest speed out of USB
- Maximum speed of 1.5 Mbps

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39
Q

USB 1.1

A

What to look out for
- Known as “Full Speed”
- 12 Mbps
- A, B, Mini A, Mini B
- Keyboards and mice

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40
Q

USB 2.0

A
  • Known as “High Speed”
  • 480 Mbps
  • Same connector as 1.1 and backward compatible
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41
Q

Universal Serial Bus

A
  • Speed is reduced to the lowest USB type when connector the same device
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42
Q

USB 3.0

A

What to look out for
- “Super Speed” or SS
- 10 Gbps

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43
Q

USB 3.1

A
  • Gen one 5 Gbps
  • Gen two 10 Gbps
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44
Q

USB 3.2 Gen 2x2

A
  • 20 Gbps
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45
Q

USB 4

A
  • Most modern version
  • USB 4 and USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 must have shorter cable for best performance.
  • longer the cable, more likely hood it would not work as efficiently or even at all
  • A, B, C, B MIni, and B Micro
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46
Q

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)

A

What to look out for
- Most widely used video interface in the world
- Can support up to 4k
- HDMI version 2: higher speeds specified for data transfer
- Type A: Full size
- Type C: Mini connector
- Type D: Micro connector
- each type can have different performance types
- Category 1: Standard video
content
- Category 2: High speed/ High
resolution

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47
Q

Display Port Interface

A
  • Standard that supports that transfer of video and audio
  • Standard connector is larger
  • Full-Size Display Port
  • Mini Display Port
  • DP can support high speed data transfer 2.7 Gbpsup to 20 Gbps
  • Versions
    • 1.1
    • 1.2: Multistream transport
    • 1.3: Ultra HD
    • 1.4: Discontinued
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48
Q

VGA (Video Graphics Array)

A

What to look out for
- 15 pin standard analog video interface port that connects to computer

49
Q

DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

A
  • Used to support analog and digital outputs
    • DVI-A: Analog signals (One data
      lane)
    • DVI-D: Digital signals (Single link
      (one lane) and Dual Link
      (Double bandwidth)
    • DVI-I (best choice): Supports both analog and
      digital signals (Single and
      dual link)
  • Max resolution with adaptor
  • Max resolution standard 2k
50
Q

Thunderbolt

A
  • V1 and V2 use different display port (Backwards compatible)
  • V3 and V4 use USC-C connector
  • V3 cant go into usb-C
    V4 can go into USB-C
51
Q

SATA Cable

A

What to look out for
- The standard cables that are the main method of connecting a storage device to a motherboard
- One device per cable
▪ SATA Data cable seven-pin data
- SATA Power cable 15-pin SATA power connector to
provide the power to the device
▪ SATA version 1: up to 1.5 Gbps
- SATA version 2: up to 3 Gbps
- SATA version 3: up to 6 Gbps
- limited to the HDD speed 7200
rpm cant spin fast enough to use
6 Gbps

52
Q

eSATA

A
  • External SATA cable
53
Q

IDE (Intergrated Drive Eletronic interface)

A
  • Renamed from PATA
  • Grey flat ribbon cable
  • 40 pins
  • can support up to two devices and they both can communicate at the same time
  • connects to Motherboard
54
Q

Molex Power Connector

A
  • 4 Pin
  • Attaches from power supply directly into a device
  • Internal HDD or CD-ROM
55
Q

SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)

A
  • “Scuzzy”
    -Legacy parallel bus connector that allows multiple devices to be daisy chained together
    Narrow supports up to 7 devices
  • Wide SCSI can support 15 devices
  • When connecting SCSI to a device you need…
    • High density cable to carry data (68 pins)
  • SCA (Single Connector attachment) which is 80 pins
56
Q

4 basic functions of a computer

A
  1. Input: Accepting data (Mouse, Keyboard)
  2. Output: Processing data (Monitor)
  3. Processing: Perfomed by the CPU when receiving data (Also by GPU)
  4. Storage: Saving/ retaining digital data
57
Q

Temporary storage

A
  • Non-persistent, volatile, non-permanent (fast)
  • Lost when powered off
  • Cache or RAM (System Memory)
  • GHz
58
Q

Permanent Storage

A
  • Persistent, permanent, non-volatile (Slow speed)
  • Data retained when powered off
  • HDD, Thumb drives (USB drive)
  • Can be deleted or overwritten
  • MHz
59
Q

Motherboard form factors

A
  • ATX (Advanced Technology Extended): Full size (12” x 9.6”)
    • 20-pin connector
  • Mini ATX (11.2” x 8.2”
    • Smaller than ATX & has same
      features
  • Micro ATX (mATX) 9.6” sq
    • same as ATX but only 4 expansion
      slots
  • ITX (Information Technology eXtended)
  • Mini ITX 6.7” x 6.7”
    • Only one expansion slot
60
Q

CPU

A
  • The brains of the computer that execute the different programming codes in the software and firmware
61
Q

CPU Form Factors

A

X86
- 8,16, and 32 bit
- Support maximum of 4 GB of
● 32-bit processor
● 32-bit operating system can only access 4GB of RAMRAM
X64
- An extension of the X86 instruction set to be able to support 64-bit operations
- 64 and 32 bit (Most computers are 64 bit
- 32-bit systems can only run 32-bit programs, but 64-bit processors can
run 64-bit programs and 32-bit programs because they are fully
backwards compatible
- can access more than 4
GB of RAM (8, 16, 32, or 64 GB)

62
Q

Advanced RISC Machine (ARM)

A

▪ Used for low-power devices (tablets and cell phones)
● Extended battery life
● Produces less heat
▪ RISC systems use code to do tasks

63
Q

Pin Grid Array (PGA)

A
  • The processor has the pins and the socket have holes which allows the
    holes to align when installing the processor
  • AMD
    • AMD2, AMD3, & AMD4
64
Q

LGA (Line Grid Array) Socket

A
  • A form factor that positions all the pins to be able to connect the CPU
    processor into the socket
  • Intel
65
Q

Single Socket

A
  • One CPU
66
Q

Multi-Socket

A

Multiple CPU’s or processors installed on a motherboard
▪ You cannot upgrade or change out the processor on a mobile device
▪ The two main types of CPU sockets are LGA, which is made by Intel, and
we have PGA, which has made by AMD

67
Q

Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)

A
  • Multiple processors
  • Workstations and servers
68
Q

Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) / Hyper-threading

A
  • Single stream of instructions is being sent by a software application to a
    processor
69
Q

Multi-core Processors

A

▪ Single CPU with multiple processors inside
▪ Multiple processors have multiple cores inside the CPU

70
Q

Dual-core Processor

A

▪ Two CPUs inside a single chip

71
Q

Quad-core Processor

A

▪ Four CPUs inside a single chip

72
Q

Hexa-core Processor

A

▪ Six CPUs inside a single chip

73
Q

Octa-core Processor

A

Eight CPUs inside a single chip
- Hyper-threading / SMT
- Symmetric Multiprocessing
- Multi-core Processors
- Virtualization

74
Q

Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)

A

Features of software virtualization are underlying and supported by the
hardware processor
- Improves the performance of virtual memory when running multiple
virtual machines on a single physical host

75
Q

Installing the Motherboard & CPU

A
  1. Review the motherboard’s documentation
  2. Place the motherboard aligned at the rear of the case
  3. Insert standoffs that match the hole in the motherboard
  4. Install the processor and memory modules before installing the motherboard
  5. Verify the standoffs are properly aligned prior to installing the motherboard
  6. Secure the standoffs using the appropriate screw type
  7. Install the power supply, disk drives, and add-on cards
76
Q

Virtualization

A
  • Host computer installed with a hypervisor that can be used to install and manage multiple guest operating systems or virtual machines (VMs)
  • New “physical” machine
  • can only run if motherboard supports it
    Type I Hypervisor (Bare Metal)
    • Runs directly on the host hardware and functions as the
      operating system
      Type II Hypervisor (Hosted)
    • Runs within the normal operating system
    • Example of one VMWare or Virtual Box
77
Q

Video Card/Graphic Adapter

A

Gives quality signal for monitors

78
Q

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) card

A

A specialized processor designed to accelerate graphics rendering

79
Q

High Speed Memory card

A

Embeds the memory to give additional capability to offload from the
system

80
Q

Graphical Ports

A

Installed outside of the card (Thunderbolt, DisplayPort, and HDMI)

81
Q

Video Capture Card

A
  • Takes video signals and processes them inside the computer
    ▪ used for recording footage and for security devices
82
Q

TV Capture Card

A

Cables are plugged into a computer to get all cable TV channels

83
Q

Sound/Audio Card

A

Gives better output through audio

84
Q

Riser Card

A

Special type of expansion card on a motherboard

85
Q

AGP

A
  • Accelerated graphics port
86
Q

Thermal Load

A

▪ Heat from different components inside the computer

87
Q

Passive Cooling

A

Type of cooling that doesn’t rely on moving parts or power

88
Q

Heat Sink

A

Finned metal device that radiates heat away from the processor

89
Q

Thermal Paste

A

-Compound that ensures heat transfer by eliminating air gaps
● Passive cooling
requires no power
to operate and is
silent when
operating

90
Q

Active Cooling

A

Uses a fan to cool down the heat from the device

91
Q

Y Connector

A

One connector that can support multiple devices

91
Q

Amperage to Wattage

A

A x V

91
Q

Dual Data Rate (DDR)

A
  • Most common type of memory
92
Q

Dynamic RAM (DRAM)

A
  • Oldest type of memory that requires frequent refreshing
    ● DRAM storage cell is dynamic
93
Q

Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)

A

▪ First memory module that operates at the same speed as the
motherboard bus (168-pin connector)
● PC66 (66 MHz bus)
● PC133 (133 MHz bus)
● PC266 (266 MHz bus)

94
Q

Double Data Rate 2 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR2
SDRAM)

A

Higher latency and has faster access to the external bus (240-pin
connector)
● PC2-4200
o 4200 MB/s or 4.2 GB/s

95
Q

Double Data Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR3
SDRAM)

A

Double Data Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR3
SDRAM)
▪ Runs at a lower voltage and at a higher speed than DDR2 (240 keyed pin
connector)
● PC3-10600
o 10600 MB/s or 10.6 GB/s
▪ DDR3 throughput is 6.4 to 17 GB/s with a maximum module size of 8GB
per memory module

96
Q

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module (SODIMM)

A
  • Classified as DDR3, DDR4, or DDR5
  • DDR5
    • Has an internal error checking for its modules
    • DDR5 modules can still be sold as ECC or non-ECC modules
97
Q

ECC (Error Correcting Code

A
  • Detects and corrects an error
98
Q

Non-Parity Memory

A

Standard memory that does not check for errors and allows data to be
put in or taken out

99
Q

Parity Memory

A

▪ Performs basic error checking and ensures the memory contents are
reliable
● A parity check does basic calculation
o Every bit has an associated parity bit
▪ Bits can only be a zero or one

100
Q

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A

Form of mass storage device

101
Q

Mass Storage Device

A

Non-volatile storage device that holds the data when the system
is powered down (GB or TB)

102
Q

NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express)

A

A communication protocol used with the M2 form factor to plug
directly into the motherboard

103
Q

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI)

A

Technical standard developed by Intel that allows hot-swappable
capability with SATA devices

104
Q

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)

A

Hosts desktop OSs within a virtualized environment hosted by a
centralized server or server farm

105
Q

Emulation

A

System imitation

106
Q

VM Escape

A

Threat attempts to get out of an isolated VM and send commands to the underlying hypervisor
- VM to hypervisor or host OS
- To avoid…
- Up to date
▪ Patched
▪ Securely configured
▪ VM escape is easier to perform on a Type II hypervisor than a Type I
hypervisor
● Patched
● Up to date

107
Q

VM Hopping

A
  • Threat attempts to move from one VM to another on the same host
  • VM to VM
108
Q

Sandbox

A

Separates running processes and programs to mitigate system failures or software vulnerabilities

109
Q

VM Sprawl

A

Uncontrolled deployment of virtual machines

110
Q

Hot-Swappable

A

Capable of being removed or replaced without disruption or powering off
the device

111
Q

Port Replicator

A

▪ Uses the exact same features as a laptop
▪ Port replicator makes life easier by providing easier access to all the ports

112
Q

Docking Station

A

Advanced type of port replicator that provides all the capabilities and
features of a laptop

113
Q

Open-Source

A

▪ The software and the original source code are available to download,
modify, and redistribute
▪ Android OS has a lower cost of services by using an open-source platform
as a code base

114
Q

Closed-Source Software

A

Proprietary software that is licensed under the exclusive legal rights of
the copyright holder

115
Q

Synchronization to the Cloud

A

▪ Provides the access to the cloud from all devices and becomes the central
repository of all data
▪ Encrypted data that is stored in the cloud is relatively safe
▪ Synchronization to the cloud requires a large amount of data

116
Q

Synchronization to the Computer

A

▪ Synchronizes directly to the desktop or laptop using a USB or Bluetooth
connection
▪ Install the iTunes app on the Windows PC to transfer the data from the
iPhone

117
Q

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

A

▪ Specialized boot scheme with modern advantages
▪ Inability to find a bootable device indicates a problem with MBR or GPT
● Bootable device not found
● Operating system not found
● Invalid drive specification
▪ The UEFI and BIOS set prioritized boot order based on their
configurations

My COMPTIA A+ Core 1 (5 decks)

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