Network Operations (2) Flashcards
When a service fails to start on a Windows server, an entry is typically created in which of the following event logs?
Security
Setup
System
System
On a Windows system, information about services, including successful service starts and failures, is recorded in the System event log. The Application, Security, and Setup logs typically do not contain this type of information
The precise locations of devices in a datacenter are typically documented in which of the following documents?
Rack diagram
Network map
Wiring schematic
Rack diagram
Datacenters typically mount components in racks, 19-inch-wide and approximately 6-foot-tall frameworks in which many networking components are specifically designed to fit. A rack diagram is a depiction of one or more racks, ruled out in standardized 1.752-inch rack units, and showing the exact location of each piece of equipment mounted in the rack. Network maps, wiring schematics, and logical diagrams are documents that document the relationships between components, not their precise locations
Which of the following statements about network maps is true?
Network maps are typically drawn to scale.
Network maps typically contain more information than network diagrams.
Network maps must be read/write accessible to all personnel working on the network.
Network maps typically contain more information than network diagrams.
Network diagrams typically specify device types and connections, but network maps can also include IP addresses, link speeds, and other information. Network maps diagram the relationships between devices, and provide information about the links that connect them, but they are not drawn to scale and usually do not indicate the exact location of each device. Although universal accessibility would be desirable, there are individuals who should not have access to network maps and other documentation, including temporary employees and computer users not involved in IT work. A network maps include all networking devices, not just cable runs and endpoints
Which of the following RAID levels uses disk striping with distributed parity?
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 5
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a technology for storing data on multiple hard disk drives, providing fault tolerance, increased performance, or both. The various RAID levels provide different levels of functionality and have different hardware requirements. RAID 5 combines disk striping (blocks written to each disk in turn) with distributed storage of parity information, for fault tolerance. RAID 0 provides data striping only. RAID 1 provides disk mirroring. RAID 10 creates mirrored stripe sets
While negotiating a new contract with a service provider, you have reached a disagreement over the contracted reliability of the service. The provider is willing to guarantee that the service will be available 99 percent, but you have been told to require 99.9 percent. When you finally reach an agreement, the negotiated language will be included in which of the following documents?
SLA
AUP
NDA
SLA
A service level agreement (SLA) is a contract between a provider and a subscriber that specifies the percentage of time that the contracted services are available. Acceptable use policies (AUPs) specify whether and how employees can utilize company-owned hardware and software resources. A nondisclosure agreement (NDA) specifies what company information employees are permitted to discuss outside the company. A Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy specifies the personal electronics that employees are permitted to use on the company network and documents the procedures for connecting and securing them
A server with dual power supplies must be running in which of the following modes for the system to be fault tolerant?
Combined mode
Redundant mode
Individual mode
Redundant mode
A server with dual power supplies can run in one of two modes: redundant or combined. In redundant mode, both power supplies are capable of providing 100 percent of the power needed by the server. Therefore, the server can continue to run if one power supply fails, making it fault tolerant. In combined mode, both power supplies are needed to provide the server’s needs, so a failure of one power supply will bring the server down. Individual mode and hot backup mode are not terms used for this purpose
Redundant power circuits can enable a server to continue running in spite of which of the following events?
A citywide power outage
A server power supply failure
An uncorrected building circuit failure
An uncorrected building circuit failure
If a server is connected to two building circuits, it can continue to function if the breaker for one circuit trips and remains uncorrected. All of the other scenarios will bring the server down, unless additional redundancies are in place
Installing an electrical generator for your datacenter is an example of which of the following fault tolerance concepts?
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
Power redundancy
Dual power supplies
Power redundancy
Power redundancy is a general term describing any fault tolerance mechanism that enables equipment to continue functioning when one source of power fails. A UPS is a device that uses battery power, not a generator. The term dual power supplies refers to the power supply units inside a computer, not a separate generator. The term redundant circuits refers to multiple connections to the building’s main power, not to a generator
Which of the following Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) levels provides fault tolerance by storing parity information on the disks, in addition to the data? (Choose all correct answers.)
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 5
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a technology for storing data on multiple hard disk drives, providing fault tolerance, increased performance, or both. The various RAID levels provide different levels of functionality and have different hardware requirements. RAID 5 combines disk striping with distributed storage of parity information, which provides fault tolerance. The parity information enables the array to rebuild a disk whose data has been lost. RAID 0 uses data striping only (blocks written to each disk in turn), which does not provide any form of fault tolerance. RAID 1 provides fault tolerance through disk mirroring. RAID 10 creates fault-tolerant mirrored stripe sets
Which of the following RAID levels provide fault tolerance without using parity data? (Choose all correct answers.)
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 10
RAID 1
RAID 10
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a technology for storing data on multiple hard disk drives, providing fault tolerance, increased performance, or both. The various RAID levels provide different levels of functionality and have different hardware requirements. RAID 1 and RAID 10 both use disk mirroring to provide fault tolerance, which does not require parity data. RAID 0 uses data striping only (blocks written to each disk in turn), which does not provide any form of fault tolerance. RAID 5 combines disk striping with distributed storage of parity information
Which of the following is not a fault tolerance mechanism?
Port aggregation
Clustering
MTBF
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is a hardware specification used to predict the approximate lifetime of a component. It does not refer to any type of fault tolerance mechanism. Port aggregation, clustering, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) are all mechanisms that provide fault tolerance in the event of network adapter, server, and power failures, respectively
Which of the following backup job types does not reset the archive bits of the files it backs up?
Full
Incremental
Differential
Differential
Differential backups use the archive bit to determine which target files to back up. However, a differential backup does not reset the archive bit. Full backups do not pay attention to the archive bit because they back up all of the files. A full backup, however, does clear the archive bit after the job is completed. Incremental backups also use the archive bit to determine which files have changed since the previous backup job. The primary difference between an incremental and a differential job, however, is that incremental backups clear the archive bit so that unchanged files are not backed up. There is no such thing as a supplemental backup job
Which of the following RAID levels does not provide fault tolerance?
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 0
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a technology for storing data on multiple hard disk drives, providing fault tolerance, increased performance, or both. The various RAID levels provide different levels of functionality and have different hardware requirements. RAID 0 uses data striping only (blocks written to each disk in turn), which does not provide any form of fault tolerance. RAID 1 provides disk mirroring. RAID 5 combines disk striping with distributed storage of parity information. RAID 10 creates mirrored stripe sets. These three levels all provide fault tolerance
Which of the following is the criterion most commonly used to filter files for backup jobs?
Filename
File extension
File attributes
File attributes
The archive bit that backup software uses to perform incremental and differential jobs is a file attribute, so this is the most commonly used filter type. It is possible to filter files based on their names, their extensions, and their size, but these are not used as often as the archive file attribute
What are the three elements in the Grandfather-Father-Son media rotation system?
Hard disk drives, optical drives, and magnetic tape drives
Incremental, differential, and full backup jobs
Monthly, weekly, and daily backup jobs
Monthly, weekly, and daily backup jobs
The generational media rotation system uses the terms grandfather, father, and son to refer to backup jobs that are run monthly, weekly, and daily. The jobs can be full, incremental, or differential, and the terms have nothing to do with whether the backup medium is a hard disk, optical, or any type of tape drive
You are installing a new Windows server with two hard disk drives in it, and you want to use RAID to create a fault-tolerant storage system. Which of the following RAID levels can you configure the server to use?
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 1
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a technology for storing data on multiple hard disk drives, providing fault tolerance, increased performance, or both. The various RAID levels provide different levels of functionality and have different hardware requirements. RAID 1 provides disk mirroring for fault tolerance and requires two or more disk drives. RAID 0 provides data striping only, with no fault tolerance. RAID 5 combines disk striping (blocks written to each disk in turn) with distributed storage of parity information for fault tolerance, but it requires a minimum of three disk drives. RAID 10 creates mirrored stripe sets and requires at least four disk drives
Which of the following types of backup jobs are supported by the Windows Server Backup program? (Choose all correct answers.)
Incremental
Differential
Full
Supplemental
Incremental
Full
Windows Server Backup can perform full backups and incremental backups. It does not support differential backups, and there is no backup job called a supplemental
Which of the following media types is Windows Server Backup unable to use to store backed-up data?
Local hard disks
Local optical disks
Magnetic tape drives
Magnetic tape drives
Windows Server Backup cannot back up data to magnetic tape drives. However, it can back up to local hard disks, optical disks, and remote shares
Which of the following is not a type of server load balancing mechanism?
DNS round-robin
Network address translation
Content switching
Network address translation
Load balancing is a method of distributing incoming traffic among multiple servers. Network address translation (NAT) is a routing mechanism that enables computers on a private network to share one or more public IP addresses. It is therefore not a load balancing method. DNS round-robin, multilayer switching, and content switching are all mechanisms that enable a server cluster to share client traffic
Which of the following mechanisms for load balancing web servers is able to read the incoming HTTP and HTTPS requests and perform advanced functions based on the information they contain?
Content switches
Multilayer switches
Failover clustering
Content switches
A content switch is an application layer device, which is what renders it capable of reading the incoming Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/HTTPS) messages. HTTP is an application layer protocol. Multilayer switches do not operate above the transport layer. Failover clustering and DNS round-robin are both techniques for distributing incoming traffic with actually processing it
Why does performing incremental backups to a hard drive, rather than a tape drive, make it possible to restore a server with a single job, rather than multiple jobs?
Because hard drives hold more data than tape drives
Because hard drives can transfer data faster than tape drives
Because hard drives are random access devices and tape drives are not
Because hard drives are random access devices and tape drives are not
Data is stored on tape drives in a linear fashion. Once you write backup data to a tape, you cannot selectively replace individual files. When you perform a restore job, you might have to restore the most recent full backup, followed by incremental backups, which overwrite some of the full backup files with newer ones. Hard disk drives are random access devices, meaning that individual files can be written to and read from any location on the disk. When you perform incremental backup jobs to a hard disk, the software can restore data using any version of each file that is available. Data capacity, transfer speed, and block size are not relevant
Which of the following statements about the differences between online and standby uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) are correct? (Choose all correct answers.)
A standby UPS runs devices using battery power all the time.
An online UPS provides no gap in the power supplied to the devices during a main power failure.
An online UPS switches devices to battery power only during a main power failure.
A standby UPS provides only enough power for an orderly shutdown of the devices.
An online UPS provides no gap in the power supplied to the devices during a main power failure.
A standby UPS provides only enough power for an orderly shutdown of the devices.
It is an online UPS that runs devices using battery power all the time so that there is no gap to the power supplied to devices during a failure. It is a standby UPS that switches devices to battery power during a main power failure. Both online and standby UPSs provide only enough power for an orderly shutdown of the devices
Which of the following are valid reasons why online uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) are more expensive than standby UPSs?
Online UPSs enable devices to run longer when a main power failure occurs.
Online UPSs enable devices to run continuously when a main power failure occurs.
Online UPSs are managed devices that can generate alerts.
Online UPSs enable devices to run continuously when a main power failure occurs.
Online UPSs run devices from the battery all the time, while simultaneously keeping the battery charged. There is therefore no switchover gap when a power failure occurs. Online UPSs do not necessarily run longer than standby UPSs, nor do they provide more protection again power spikes and sags. Both online and standby UPSs can be managed devices
Which of the following are equivalent terms for the process of combining the bandwidth of two or more network adapters to increase the overall speed of the connection and provide fault tolerance? (Choose all correct answers.)
Bonding
Link aggregation
Clustering
Port aggregation
NIC teaming
Bonding
Link aggregation
Port aggregation
NIC teaming
Bonding, link aggregation, port aggregation, and NIC teaming are all terms for the same basic technology, in which the bandwidth of multiple network adapter connections is joined to speed up transmissions. The technology also enables the network communication to continue if one of the adapters should be disconnected. Clustering refers to combining servers into a single unit, not network adapters
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the fault tolerance mechanisms disk mirroring and disk duplexing?
Disk mirroring enables a server to survive the failure of a disk drive.
Disk duplexing enables a server to survive the failure of a disk controller.
Disk duplexing enables a server to survive a failure of a disk drive or a disk controller.
Disk duplexing enables a server to survive a failure of a disk drive or a disk controller.
As with disk mirroring, disk duplexing uses multiple hard disk drives to store duplicate copies of all data. However, disk duplexing calls for each disk to be connected to a separate controller so that the data remains available despite a disk failure or a controller failure
