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Histo Unit 2 > Nervous Tissues 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Nervous Tissues 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neural tube & neural crest cells differentiate into two types of cells

A
  1. Neuron (N)
  2. Glial cell (G)
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2
Q

Neurons are ____ than Glial and have a _____ nuclei

A

Bigger and euchromatic

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3
Q

Neurons have ______ cytoplasm

glial cells have ______ cytoplasm

A

Basophilic(purple in staining)

poorly-staining

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4
Q
A

Neuron and Glial

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5
Q
A
  1. Glial cells
  2. Nerve Bodies
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6
Q

Neurons are more _____ in protein synthesis

A

active.. think about their euchromatin

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7
Q

“-lemma” means
“-plasm” means
“perikaryon” means
“Nissl” refers to

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
cell body
ribosomes

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

3 morphology of neurons

A
  1. Biopolar
  2. Pseudo-unipolar
  3. Multipolar
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10
Q
A

Multipolar neuron –
Two or more dendrites extend from cell body One axon extends from cell body
Most abundant type (in CNS & PNS)

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11
Q
A

Bipolar neuron –
One dendrite extends from cell body
One axon extends from cell body
Restricted to organs of sight, taste, and balance

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12
Q
A

Pseudounipolar (unipolar) neuron –
Single axon splits into two main processes Peripheral process extends to a peripheral location Central process extends to the CNS
Found in spinal and most cranial ganglia

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13
Q

What class of meurons

Motor (efferent) neuron –
Sends signals to effect organs
Somatic motor under voluntary control Visceral motor under involuntary control

A

Multipolat

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14
Q

What Morphology

Sensory (afferent) neuron – Receives stimuli from outside body Transmits signal to CNS

A

Unipolar or Biopolar

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15
Q

Integrative (inter)neuron – Links different types of neurons Establishes a signal circuit
Most abundant type in CNS

A

Multipolar

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16
Q

The Neuron itself is basophillic(purple stain) but does the axon hillock also stain basophillic

A

no

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17
Q

What are the blue arrows

A

Dendrites

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18
Q

What staining is used for dendrites

A

Silver

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19
Q

Whats the dotted line

A

Axon
Axon has no nissl bodies

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20
Q

What is the initial segment of the axon fxn

A

Action Potential

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21
Q
A

Axon is the red line

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22
Q

Yellow
Blue
Green

A

Yellow: Mitocondria
Blue: Microtubules used for bidirectional transport
Green: Neruofillament = structure

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23
Q

What are the blue and why are they hallow
What are the green

A

Blue = Microtubule… TUBE/Hallow
Green: Neurofillaments…Actin woven

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24
Q

Anterograde

A

– transport of organelles & molecules away from cell body

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25
Q

Retrograde

A

– transport of organelles & molecules back to cell body

26
Q

Each branch has swollen end _______

A

– terminal bouton

27
Q

Distal end of axon is highly branched:

A

– terminal arborization

28
Q

Synapse has three components:

A
  1. Presynaptic terminal bouton
  2. Synaptic cleft
  3. Postsynaptic cell membrane
    (density or web)
29
Q
A
  1. Terminal Button
  2. Synaptic Vesiccle
30
Q
A
  1. Terminal Button
  2. Synaptic Vesiccle
  3. Synaptic Cleft
31
Q

Clinical correlation: botulism inhibits_______.

A

secretion of synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitter (acetylcholine). Without synaptic vesicles, action potentials do not transfer to effector cells (e.g., skeletal muscle cells), resulting in paralysis.

32
Q

dendrites & unmyelinated axons of neurons + processes of glial cells

A

Neuropil

33
Q

Is Neuropil apart of the ECM

A

NO

34
Q
A

Neuropill
Dentrites
NOTE: Note: nervous tissue has sparse extracellular matrix

35
Q

CNS Glial Cells

A
  1. Astrocyte
  2. Ependymal cell
  3. Oligodendrocyte
  4. Microglia

AO ME

36
Q

Where is neuropill more prominate

A

Grey Matter CNS to allow of neuron - neuron synapses

37
Q

PNS Glial Cells

A

Schwann
Satellite Cells

38
Q

Where found

A

CNS
Astrocyte and Blood Vessle
MOST ABBUNDANT

Look at how astrocyte associates with BV and multiple neurons

39
Q

Describe Astrocytes

A

Cover the synapses to maintain microenviroment.
Process have broad end-feet
help contribute to the BBB

40
Q

Astrocytes have a specific Intermediate Filliament
What and its clincial corralation

A

Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)
astrocytomas are the most common form of brain tumor in adults. In those tumors, cells express GFAP indicating their origin from astrocytes.

41
Q
A

MacroPhage
MS is Auto ABY for mylein sheath. So they get phagocytose faster than repair

42
Q

CSF is made by ——- that line the ventricular system (brain) & central canal (spinal cord)

A

ependymal cells

43
Q

ependymal cells are ____(shape) with lots of _____ to help move CSF

A

Cuboidal and Cilila

44
Q

ependymal cells that are non-ciliated are associated with what part of the brain and make up what?

A

Ventricles and Secrete CSF

45
Q

A=
NP=
N=
O=

A

Astrocyte
Neuropili
Neuron
Oligodentrcyte Lots of golgi!!! Poor Staining

46
Q

Schwann cell (neurolemmocyte)

A

PNS
Derived from Neural Crest
Myleniate but only one portion of axon.

47
Q
A

Red=AXON
White=Myelin Covering
Myelin Covering is lipid rich so poor staining under LM

48
Q
A

Myelinated axon
DENSE LINES

49
Q
A

Nodes of Ranvier…Helps with conductance of neuron…FASTER

50
Q

Where is the only place with unmyelinated axon

A

PNS… Smaller in diameter so no wrapping.

51
Q
A

Several axons associated wtih a single Schwann Cell

52
Q

What Type of neurons here and FXN

A

POSTERIOR ROOT GANGLIA
Satellite Cells Surround the Ganglia in PNS

Psuedounipolar, Sensory FXN, Many Satellite Cells

53
Q

What Type of neurons here and FXN

A

Multipolar neuron, Visceral motor fnx, few satellite Cells

Sympathetic Chain

54
Q
A

Cross Section of mylenated Axons
AXON
Myelin
CNS Glia

55
Q

White Matter VS Grey Matter

A

Gray matter = neurons, neuropil, & CNS glia

White matter = myelinated axons & CNS glia

56
Q
A

Top is the axon and bottom is the nucelus

57
Q
A

Oligodentrocytes multiple next to cell

58
Q
A

Mylein Sheath

59
Q
A

Sensory pseudounipolar neuron in posterior root

60
Q
A

Motor multipolar neuron in the autonomic gangila

Histo Unit 2 (5 decks)

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