Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What is the function of neurons ?

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

What is the structure of a neuron?

Answer 2

dendrites, soma, axon, telodendron

Question 3

What are glial cells?

Answer 3

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microgliocytes
ependeymal cells

Question 4

What are the two branches of the nervous system?

Answer 4

Central and peripheral nervous system

Question 5

What are the two branches of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 5

autonomic and somatic

Question 6

What are the two branches of the autonomic system?

Answer 6

sympthaic and parasympathic

Question 7

What are the two branches of the CNS

Answer 7

brain and spinal cord

Question 8

What is grey matter?

Answer 8

parts of the CNS rich in cell bodies but limited numbers of myelinated axons

Question 9

What is white matter?

Answer 9

region rich in myelinated axons

Question 10

What are the components of the CNS?

Answer 10

ectodermal origin and mesodermal origin

Question 11

What is the ectodermal origin of the CNS?

Answer 11

neurons
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes

Question 12

What is the mesodermal origin of the CNS?

Answer 12

microglia

vascular endothelium

Question 13

What is the structure of the neuron soma?

Answer 13

euchromatic nucleus with prominent nucleolus
basophillic cytoplasm
lipofuscin

Question 14

How do dendrites receive stimuli?

Answer 14

at synapses

Question 15

How do axons work?

Answer 15

transmit signals and terminate on other neurons, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands

Question 16

T or F: there are both inhibitory and excitatory neurons

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or F: types of neurons are named according to the number of dendrites neurons are ?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is pseudounipolar?

Answer 18

unipolar dendrite

Question 19

What is bipolar dendrite?

Answer 19

two

Question 20

What is multipolar dendrite?

Answer 20

many

Question 21

What is contained in the cell body?

Answer 21

soma and perikaryon

Question 22

What is Nissi substance?

Answer 22

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 23

What are the 3 parts of each nerve synapse?

Answer 23

presynaptic part=terminaton axon=Bouton terminaux
inter synaptic cleft
postsynaptic part

Question 24

T or F: Acetylcholine is released by somatic neurons into synaptic cleft and stimulate muscle contraction

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T or F: stimulatory synapse contain acetylcholine?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T or F: inhibitory synapse contain GABA?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are naked nerve endings?

Answer 27

nociceptors for pain | termoreceptors for temp

Question 28

What are common encapsulated nerve endings?

Answer 28

mechanoreceptors for touch and pressure

Question 29

What are meissners corpuscle?

Answer 29

sense touch

Question 30

What is pacinian corpuscle? Where are they found?

Answer 30

senses pressure skin, pancreas of cats bulbs of horse heels tendons

Question 31

Where is the golgi organ located?

Answer 31

insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons

Question 32

What is a muscle spindle?

Answer 32

a specialized sensory receptor for muscle stretch and position sense

Question 33

What are astrocytes?

Answer 33

CNS counterpart of the fibroblasts

Question 34

What are the two types of astrocytes?

Answer 34

protoplasmic ( grey matter) | fibrillar ( white matter )

Question 35

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 35

``` transport of nutrients maintenance of extracellular matrix neurotransmitter uptake antigen presentation part of blood/brain barrier ```

Question 36

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 36

small dark nuclei develop and maintain myelin in CNS can be destroyed by viruses/toxins

Question 37

T or F: oligodendrocytes form myelin in CNS?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T or F: when activated microgila during inflammation they are called Glitter cells?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What are microglia?

Answer 39

resistant macrophages of CNS mesodermal origin phagocytic/antigen presentation

Question 40

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 40

- ciliated cubodal cells lining neural canal, ventricles, chrorid plexus - line the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 41

How is myelin synthesized?

Answer 41

oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Question 42

T or F: oligos connect to multiple internodes, Schwann cells one?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is myelin made up of?

Answer 43

75% lipid, 25% protein

Question 44

What is the function of myelin?

Answer 44

conduction | speed of impulses

Question 45

What is the difference between white and grey matter?

Answer 45

- white matter contains myelinated axons and and glial cells - white matter is peripheral in spinal cord, central in brain - grey contains neurons, glial cells and axons - grey matter position is peripheral in brain, central in spinal cord

Question 46

What is the hippocampus?

Answer 46

portion of the brain involved with laying down memory tracks contains numerous glutamate receptors

Question 47

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 47

coordination of body movements

Question 48

What are the three layers of the cerbellar cortex?

Answer 48

molecular layer purkinje cell layer granular cell layer

Question 49

What does the brain stem contain?

Answer 49

collections of neurons known as nuclei

Question 50

What are the regions of the brain stem?

Answer 50

medulla oblongate, pons thalamus hypothalamus

Question 51

What is the spinal cord organization?

Answer 51

grey and white matter central canal meninges dorsal and ventral roots

Question 52

T or F: Neurons in spinal cord are present in gray matter only?

Answer 52

True

Question 53

What are multipolar motor neurons?

Answer 53

in ventral horns, their long axons leave spinal cord as ventral roots innervate skeletal muscle

Question 54

What are funicular neurons?

Answer 54

in dorsal horns, axons go in dorsal funicles to brain

Question 55

What is autonomic neurons?

Answer 55

small nerve cell bodies in lateral horns

Question 56

What are meninges?

Answer 56

membranous coverings of brain and spinal cord

Question 57

What is pachymeninx?

Answer 57

dura matter of meninges

Question 58

What is leptomeninx?

Answer 58

pia mater of meninges

Question 59

What is the subarachnoid space?

Answer 59

contains CSF

Question 60

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 60

transudate, formed by capillaries and ependymal cells | nourishes CNS tissue, acts as cushion

Question 61

What is the choroid plexus?

Answer 61

a cluster of arborizing blood vessels covered by a thin connective tissue site of CSF production located in ventricles

Question 62

What is the somatic system?

Answer 62

sensory fibers bring information to CNS | motor fibers innervate skeletal muscle

Question 63

What are the autonomic system?

Answer 63

effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 64

What are ganglia?

Answer 64

collections of neuronal cell bodies and processes found outside of CNS

Question 65

How is a signal sent from autonomic nervous system?

Answer 65

``` impulse begins in brain stem or spinal cord two neuron chain activates the effector first neuron is in CNS ANS neuron is ganglion targets are effectors CM, SM, Glands ```

Question 66

What is the myenteric plexus?

Answer 66

between inner and outer layers of tunica muscularis | helps control movement of GI tract