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Microanatomy > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of neurons ?

A

metabolism

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2
Q

What is the structure of a neuron?

A

dendrites, soma, axon, telodendron

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3
Q

What are glial cells?

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microgliocytes
ependeymal cells

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4
Q

What are the two branches of the nervous system?

A

Central and peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

What are the two branches of the peripheral nervous system?

A

autonomic and somatic

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6
Q

What are the two branches of the autonomic system?

A

sympthaic and parasympathic

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7
Q

What are the two branches of the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

What is grey matter?

A

parts of the CNS rich in cell bodies but limited numbers of myelinated axons

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9
Q

What is white matter?

A

region rich in myelinated axons

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10
Q

What are the components of the CNS?

A

ectodermal origin and mesodermal origin

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11
Q

What is the ectodermal origin of the CNS?

A

neurons
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes

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12
Q

What is the mesodermal origin of the CNS?

A

microglia

vascular endothelium

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13
Q

What is the structure of the neuron soma?

A

euchromatic nucleus with prominent nucleolus
basophillic cytoplasm
lipofuscin

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14
Q

How do dendrites receive stimuli?

A

at synapses

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15
Q

How do axons work?

A

transmit signals and terminate on other neurons, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands

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16
Q

T or F: there are both inhibitory and excitatory neurons

A

True

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17
Q

T or F: types of neurons are named according to the number of dendrites neurons are ?

A

True

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18
Q

What is pseudounipolar?

A

unipolar dendrite

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19
Q

What is bipolar dendrite?

A

two

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20
Q

What is multipolar dendrite?

A

many

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21
Q

What is contained in the cell body?

A

soma and perikaryon

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22
Q

What is Nissi substance?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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23
Q

What are the 3 parts of each nerve synapse?

A

presynaptic part=terminaton axon=Bouton terminaux
inter synaptic cleft
postsynaptic part

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24
Q

T or F: Acetylcholine is released by somatic neurons into synaptic cleft and stimulate muscle contraction

A

True

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25
Q

T or F: stimulatory synapse contain acetylcholine?

A

True

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26
Q

T or F: inhibitory synapse contain GABA?

A

True

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27
Q

What are naked nerve endings?

A

nociceptors for pain

termoreceptors for temp

28
Q

What are common encapsulated nerve endings?

A

mechanoreceptors for touch and pressure

29
Q

What are meissners corpuscle?

A

sense touch

30
Q

What is pacinian corpuscle? Where are they found?

A

senses pressure
skin, pancreas of cats
bulbs of horse heels
tendons

31
Q

Where is the golgi organ located?

A

insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons

32
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

a specialized sensory receptor for muscle stretch and position sense

33
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

CNS counterpart of the fibroblasts

34
Q

What are the two types of astrocytes?

A

protoplasmic ( grey matter)

fibrillar ( white matter )

35
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A 
transport of nutrients 
maintenance of extracellular matrix 
neurotransmitter uptake 
antigen presentation 
part of blood/brain barrier
36
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

small dark nuclei
develop and maintain myelin in CNS
can be destroyed by viruses/toxins

37
Q

T or F: oligodendrocytes form myelin in CNS?

38
Q

T or F: when activated microgila during inflammation they are called Glitter cells?

39
Q

What are microglia?

A

resistant macrophages of CNS
mesodermal origin
phagocytic/antigen presentation

40
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A
  • ciliated cubodal cells lining neural canal, ventricles, chrorid plexus
  • line the central canal of the spinal cord
41
Q

How is myelin synthesized?

A

oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

42
Q

T or F: oligos connect to multiple internodes, Schwann cells one?

43
Q

What is myelin made up of?

A

75% lipid, 25% protein

44
Q

What is the function of myelin?

A

conduction

speed of impulses

45
Q

What is the difference between white and grey matter?

A
  • white matter contains myelinated axons and and glial cells
  • white matter is peripheral in spinal cord, central in brain
  • grey contains neurons, glial cells and axons
  • grey matter position is peripheral in brain, central in spinal cord
46
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

portion of the brain involved with laying down memory tracks
contains numerous glutamate receptors

47
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

coordination of body movements

48
Q

What are the three layers of the cerbellar cortex?

A

molecular layer
purkinje cell layer
granular cell layer

49
Q

What does the brain stem contain?

A

collections of neurons known as nuclei

50
Q

What are the regions of the brain stem?

A

medulla oblongate, pons
thalamus
hypothalamus

51
Q

What is the spinal cord organization?

A

grey and white matter
central canal
meninges
dorsal and ventral roots

52
Q

T or F: Neurons in spinal cord are present in gray matter only?

53
Q

What are multipolar motor neurons?

A

in ventral horns, their long axons leave spinal cord as ventral roots
innervate skeletal muscle

54
Q

What are funicular neurons?

A

in dorsal horns, axons go in dorsal funicles to brain

55
Q

What is autonomic neurons?

A

small nerve cell bodies in lateral horns

56
Q

What are meninges?

A

membranous coverings of brain and spinal cord

57
Q

What is pachymeninx?

A

dura matter of meninges

58
Q

What is leptomeninx?

A

pia mater of meninges

59
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

contains CSF

60
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

A

transudate, formed by capillaries and ependymal cells

nourishes CNS tissue, acts as cushion

61
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

a cluster of arborizing blood vessels covered by a thin connective tissue
site of CSF production
located in ventricles

62
Q

What is the somatic system?

A

sensory fibers bring information to CNS

motor fibers innervate skeletal muscle

63
Q

What are the autonomic system?

A

effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

64
Q

What are ganglia?

A

collections of neuronal cell bodies and processes found outside of CNS

65
Q

How is a signal sent from autonomic nervous system?

A 
impulse begins in brain stem or spinal cord
two neuron chain activates the effector
first neuron is in CNS
ANS neuron is ganglion 
targets are effectors
CM, SM, Glands
66
Q

What is the myenteric plexus?

A

between inner and outer layers of tunica muscularis

helps control movement of GI tract

Microanatomy (7 decks)

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