Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microanatomy > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

the ductless gland system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A

growth and development
internal environment
energy production, storage and utilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are four major characteristics of endocrine organs?

A

epithelial in origin
ductless
highly vascular
control or mediated by hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can hormones be?

A

proteins
amino acids
steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F: most hormones bind to receptors on target cell surface

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T or F: only steroids pass through plasma membrane of target cells and bind to nucleus

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T or F: Hormones produce fast, unsustained responses

A

False, slow and sustained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the hypothalamus control distant cells?

A

via hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two pathways the hypothalamus releases hormones by?

A
  • releasing hormones into portal system via adenohypophysis

- hormones transported and stored in nuerohypophysis, then released into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the posterior pituitary also called?

A

nuerohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the anterior pituitary also called?

A

adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the posterior pituitary start out as?

A

nuerohypophyseal bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the anterior pituitary start out as?

A

hypophyseal pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three parts of the nuerohypophysis (posterior)

A

pars nervosa
infundibular stalk
eminentia mediana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the nuerohypohysis produce?

A

antidiuretic hormone

oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are herring bodies?

A

sites where hormones accumulate in the posterior pituitary in pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F: in the pars nervosa, axons terminate on vessels

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three portions of the adenohypophysis (anterior) ?

A

pars distalis
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the pars distalis?

A

part of anterior pit.

bulk of anterior pit. and secretes majority of hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the source of melanocyte stimulating hormone?

A

pars intermedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the pars distalis made up of?

A

chromophils and chromophobes

22
Q

What are somatotropes?

A

part of pars distalis acidophils

produce growth hormone

23
Q

What are mammotropes?

A

part of pars distalis acidophils

produce prolactin

24
Q

What are thyrotropes?

A

part of pars distalis basophils

produce thyrotropin

25
Q

What are adenrocorticotropes?

A

part of pars distalis basophils

produce ACTH

26
Q

What are gondotropes?

A

part of pars distalis basophils

produce follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

27
Q

What is the process of releasing a hormone from the hypothalamus?

A

hypo. neurons produce releasing hormones into portal vessels, they travel to anterior pit. where they stimulate acidophils or basophils to produce another hormone, that travels to target endocrine organ where third hormone is produced, that hormone causes an effect on target cell

28
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

regulate daily rhythms of bodily activity

29
Q

What are pinealocytes?

A

secretory cells of the pineal gland

30
Q

What do pinealocytes produce?

A

melatonin

31
Q

When is melatonin secreted?

A

at night

32
Q

Is melatonin important in seasonally breeding?

A

yes, long day and short day breeders

33
Q

What are parafollicular cells?

A

clear cells that are part of the thyroid gland

secrete calcitonin in response to high blood calcium

34
Q

T or F: Thyroid gland has follicular cells

A

True

35
Q

What does the parathyroid gland secrete?

A

parathromone into capillaries

36
Q

T or F: parathromone will stimulate bone resorption?

A

True

37
Q

What is the adrenal gland in mammals?

A

separation between cortex and medulla

in mammals only

38
Q

Where does the cortex of the adrenal gland arise from? What does it secrete?

A

mesoderm

corticosteriods

39
Q

Where does the medulla of the adrenal gland arise from? What does it secrete?

A

neural crest

catecholamines

40
Q

What are the three parts of the adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

41
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

aldosterone

42
Q

What does the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex secrete?

A

cortisol

43
Q

What does cromoaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

stored in secretary granules ( EM only)

44
Q

What happens if theres low blood pressure?

A

renin system kicks in
angiotensin II
Water retention

45
Q

What are the four pancreatic islet cells?

A

alpha
beta
delta
F cell

46
Q

What does alpha pancreatic islet cell produce?

A

glucagon, CCK

47
Q

What does beta pancreatic islet cell produce?

A

insulin, IAPP

48
Q

What does delta pancreatic islet cell produce?

A

somatostatin

49
Q

What two hormones does the kidney produce?

A

renin (juxtaglomerular cells)

Erythopoietin (controls RBC production)

50
Q

T or F: atrial myocardial cells secrete atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

True

51
Q

What does atrial myocardial peptide do?

A

promote sodium and water loss

decrease blood pressure

Microanatomy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions