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Microscopic Anatomy > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

parts of CNS rich in cell bodies but limited numbers of myelinated axons

A

Grey Matter

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2
Q

region rich in myelinated axons

A

White Matter

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3
Q

Components of the CNS with ectodermal origin.

What are these cells sensitive to?

A

Neurons
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes

Hypoxia

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4
Q

Components of the CNS with mesodermal origin.

How do these cells differ from those of ectodermal origin?

A

Microglia
Vascular endothelium

Not sensitive to hypoxia

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5
Q

Cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglia

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6
Q

Cell bodies in the CNS

A

Nuclei

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7
Q

How can you tell the approx. age of a neuron?

A

By the amount of the wear and tear pigment lipofuscin

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8
Q

Other names for a neuron’s cell body

A

perikaryon, soma

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9
Q

Neuron soma characteristics

A

Euchromatic nucleus
prominent nucleolus
Basophilic cytoplasm

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10
Q

What are the three shapes that a perikaryon (cell body) can have and where would you find each type?

A 
1) Round or oval (pyriform) 
– pseudounipolar  neurons
– Purkinje cells in cerebellum
2)Pyramidal (pyramid shaped)
– in brain cortex
3)Stellate
– multipolar motor neurons in spinal cord
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11
Q

The distal branch of a neuronal axon that can further branch into multiple axon terminals

A

Telodendron

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12
Q

a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the cell body of another.

A

axosomatic

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13
Q

synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

A

axodentritic

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14
Q

synapse between the axon of one neuron and the axon of another.

A

axoaxonic

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15
Q

Synaptic vesicles that are small, pale and round contain what neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

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16
Q

Synaptic vesicles that are pale and oval contain what neurotransmitter?

A

GABA or glycine

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17
Q

Synaptic vesicles that are large with a dense core contain what neurotransmitter?

A

norepinephrine & epinephrine

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18
Q

2 receptors with free (naked) nerve endings

A

Nociceptors

thermoreceptors

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19
Q

5 receptors with encapsulated nerve endings

A 
MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE
KRAUSE CORPUSCLE
PACINIAN CORPUSCLE
GOLGI ORGAN
MUSCLE SPINDLE
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20
Q

Encapsulated mechanoreceptor
for deep pressure.
What appearance will these have?

A

Pacinian corpuscle

onion appearance

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21
Q

Proprioceptive sensory receptor organ/senses stretching

Located at the insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into the tendons

A

Golgi tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle

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22
Q

specialized sensory receptor for muscle stretch and position sense, unconscious maintenance of skeletal muscle tone and proper balance of postural muscle activity

A

muscle spindle

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23
Q

functions of an astrocyte

A 
Transport of Nutrients
Maintenance of extracellular matrix ion content
Neurotransmitter uptake 
Part of  blood brain barrier
Antigen presentation
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24
Q

2 types of astrocytes and where they’re found

A

Protoplasmic (grey matter)

Fibrillar (white matter)

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25
Q

Small dark nuclei (between myelin sheaths or around neurons)
Develop and maintain myelin in CNS
Can be destroyed by viruses/toxins resulting in primary demyleination

A

Oligodendrocytes

26
Q

_________ is derived from blood-borne monocyte
Resident macrophage of CNS

When activated during necrosis or inflammation, they are called _________.

A

Microglia (microgliocytes)

Gitter Cells

27
Q

Ciliated cubodial cells lining neural canal, ventricles, choroid plexus
Formation of CSF

A

Ependymal Cells

28
Q

Capillaries with overlying ependymal cells form ___________ and produce ___________.

A

choroid plexus

cerebrospinal fluid

29
Q

Myelin is snthesized by _________ in the CNS, and ____________ in the PNS.

What is the positional difference between the two?

A

oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

Oligos connect to multiple internodes, Schwann cells to 1

30
Q

White matter contains myelinated ______ and ________, and is located _______ in the spinal cord and _______ in the brain.

A

myelinated axons and glial cells
peripheral in spinal cord
central in brain

31
Q

Complex phospholipid, lamellar arrangement around axon Galactocerebroside protein

A

Myelin

32
Q

_________ contains neurons, glial cells, and axons, is peripheral in brain, central in spinal cord

A

Grey matter

33
Q

In the cerebrum elevations are _______, depressions are _______

A

gyri

sulci

34
Q

Cerebrum grey matter arises from the _____________

A

prosencephalon

35
Q

Layers of the cerebral cortext neo cortex

A 
L. zonalis
L. granularis externa
L. pyramidalis externa
L. granularis interna
L. pyramidalis interna
L. multiformis
36
Q

________ is the portion of the brain involved with laying down memory tracks.
Very sensitive to ________ and _________.
Contains numerous ________ receptors

A

hippocampus and dentate gyrus

hypoxia
hypoglycemia

glutamate

37
Q

elevations of cerebellar parenchyma

A

Folia

38
Q

depressions separating folia

A

Sulci

39
Q

3 layers of the cerebellum cortex

A

Molecular layer
Purkinje cell layer
Granular cell layer

40
Q

Which part of the brain coordinates body movements

A

Cerebellum

41
Q

The ________ is the cerebellar white matter, located deep in the cerebellum. It brings ________ and _______ information to and from the cerebellum.

A

arbor vitae
sensory
motor

42
Q

What are the 4 layers of the cortex cerebelli grey matter, and what do they contain?

A

stratum moleculare-basket cells
stratum gangliosum-Purkinje cells
stratum granulosum-granule cells
White matter core-myelinated nerve fibers

43
Q

____________ of ___________ are the ONLY nerve fibers leaving cerebellum

A

Efferent axons

Purkinje cells

44
Q

_____________ is a disorder where the cerebellum of the brain has not fully formed. There are various causes such as bacterial or viral infections, feline panleukopenia, caused by feline parvovirus, but can also be caused by poisoning, injury or malnutrition.

A

Cerebellar Hypoplasia

45
Q

The brain stem contains collections of neurons known as

________ , e.g. “Dorsal and ventral ________________

A

Nuclei

respiratory groups

46
Q

____________ is the principal control center of the hypophysis (pituitary gland)

A

Hypothalamus

47
Q

Spinal cord grey matter dorsal horns contain __________ and ________.

A

sensory neurons and glia

48
Q

Spinal cord intermediate grey matter contains ___________.

A

autonomic neurons

49
Q

Spinal cord grey matter ventral horns contain __________ and ________.

A

motor neurons and glia

50
Q

__________ - in dorsal horns, axons go in dorsal funicles to brain

A

Funicular neurons

51
Q

_____________ – small nerve cells with short axons which do not leave gray matter

A

Associating neurons

52
Q

Membranous coverings of brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

53
Q

3 layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

54
Q

outermost layer of the meninges

A

Dura mater

55
Q

membrane attached to the dura mater

A

Arachnoid membrane

56
Q

Layer of meninges that is highly vascular, adherent to brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

57
Q

__________ is a transudate, formed by capillaries and ependymal cells, the choroid plexuses of the lateral, 3rd & 4th ventricles of the brain

A

cerebrospinal fluid

58
Q

A cluster of arborizing blood vessels covered by a thin connective tissue and ependymal cells
Site of CSF production

A

Choroid Plexus

59
Q

The ___________________ are the site of CSF Drainage

A

arachnoid granulations/villi

60
Q

The _____________ is a layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each myelinated nerve fiber

A

endoneurium

61
Q

Nerve fibers are bundled into groups called nerve fascicles, each fascicle within its own protective sheath called a _____________.

A

perineurium

62
Q

In sufficiently large nerves multiple fascicles, each with its blood supply and fatty tissue, may be bundled within yet another sheath, the ___________.

A

epineurium

Microscopic Anatomy (8 decks)

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