Cardiovascular Development Flashcards
angioblastic tissue
arises from mesenchyme, an aggregation of cells derived from the mesoderm
forms the cardiovascular system
angiogenesis
the formation of blood vessels
cardiogenic field
horseshoe-shaped structure located around the cranial and lateral portions of the neral plate
area of blood forming cavaties in the visceral mesoderm where the primitive heart, blood vessels and blood cells will form
hemangioblasts
multipotent stem cell that can differentiate into both hematopoietic and endothelial cells
endocardial heart tubes
derived from the visceral mesoderm and gives rise to the heart and the dorsal and ventral aortas
cardiac tube
formed from the caudal endocardial heart tube, which is first composed of only endothelial cells, when it becomes surrouded by myoblasts to form the myocardium
aortic arches
series of six paired embryological vascular structures which give rise to several major arteries
blood islands
structures around the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system
truncus arteriosus
arterial trunk that originates from both ventricles of the heart that later divides into aorta and pulmonary trunk
aorto-pulmonary septum
spiral septum ensures that blood from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk and blood from left ventricle flows into the ascending aorta
transposition of the great vessels
deoxygenated blood from right ventricle flows into the ascending aorta and the highly oxygenated blood from the left ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk
ductus venosus
shunts a portion of the left umbilical venous blood flow directly to the caudal vena cava allowing oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver which is not very functional
ductus arteriosus
vessel connecting the pumonary artery to the proximal descending aorta
allows most blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetus’s fluid-filled non-functioning lungs
atrial septal defect
persistant foramen ovale
leads to lower than normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the brain, organs, and tissues
patent ductus arteriosus
ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth
allows a portion of the oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs by flowing from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
the additional fluid returning to the lungs inreases lung pressure and may lead to congestive heart failure