Nervous Tissue

Question 1

meninges

Answer 1

specialized covering of the spinal cord and brain (CNS) -dura mater, arachnoid,pia mater

Question 2

most numerous glial component of the CNS?

Answer 2

astrocytes >>neurons

Question 3

myelination prevents what?

Answer 3

leakage of membrane charge

Question 4

principal integrating neurons of the cerebellum

Answer 4

purkinje cells

Question 4

cerebellar hypoplasia

Answer 4

underdeveloped cerebellum uncoordinated, clumsy

Question 5

what organelle is in the axon cytoplasm and what does it do?

Answer 5

mitochondria and microtubules; run sodium potassium pump to keep transmembrane potential normal; axonal shape and guide for neurotransmitter molecules

Question 5

axons are tied together by…

Answer 5

perineurium

Question 6

myelin producing cell in CNS? PNS?

Answer 6

CNS = oligodendrocyte PNS= schwann cell

Question 7

epineurium

Answer 7

binds whole nerve fiber together

Question 8

motor neurons are usually ____; sensory neurons are usually _____

Answer 8

multi polar; bi/pseudouni polar

Question 9

how is a myelin sheath made?

Answer 9

schwann cell or oligodendrocyte wraps plasma membrane around axon like paper towels up to hundreds of layers with axon at center; nucleus of that cell sits on top of the sheath it made

Question 11

why is H&E stain less suited for nervous tissue?

Answer 11

high lipid content makes it hard to see structural features

Question 11

neurons are highly secretory and have lots of ___ and a prominent ___

Answer 11

RER; nucleolus

Question 11

what is in between each schwann cell?

Answer 11

node of ranvier

Question 12

what surrounds individual axons?

Answer 12

endoneurium

Question 13

do the spaces in between the PM in myelin sheath contain cytoplasm?

Answer 13

NO

Question 14

cerebellum is made of cortex and medulla…what comprises these areas?

Answer 14

medulla = fiber tracts from purkinje cells cortex= surrounds medulla, molecular, purkinje, and granule layers

Question 14

choroid plexus

Answer 14

secretory structure than makes CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) -capillaries covered with cuboidal epithelium with brush border of microvilli -CSF fills the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord lumen

Question 16

what increases conduction velocity of nerve processes?

Answer 16

myelination

Question 16

ventral vs dorsal horns of spinal cord

Answer 16

ventral are larger and motor dorsal are sensory and smaller

Question 18

axoplasm

Answer 18

axon cytoplasm large oval in it is mitochondrion

Question 20

osmium tetraoxide stains lipid easily so it stains

Answer 20

myelin sheath –> like dark blue cheerios

Question 21

in axons of equal size, conduction is higher when…

Answer 21

there is myelin sheath

Question 22

breaks in myelin sheath

Answer 22

nodes of ranvier

Question 23

____ send a signal out of the body; _____ receive input and transmit signals

Answer 23

axons; dendrites

Question 24

after the axon and axon hillock, there is no more…

Answer 24

rough ER/nissl bodies

Question 25

what is made by oligodendrocytes in CNS and schwanna cells in PNS?

Answer 25

myelin sheaths on axons

Question 27

white matter is made of…

Answer 27

nerve fiber tracts

Question 28

grey matter is…

Answer 28

neuron bodies that accumulate lipofuscin and melanin = dark

Question 29

microglia of CNS role

Answer 29

phagocytic cells that protect neurons by engulfing harmful material

Question 31

what covers unmyelinated peripheral nerves?

Answer 31

schwann cells simply envelop the axon with ONE fold of PM

Question 32

choroid plexus capillaries are covered by epithelium with what connections?

Answer 32

occluding junctions which maintain blood-brain barrier

Question 33

what does the myenteric plexus do?

Answer 33

peristalsis - coordination of rhythmic contractions of muscularis extrema

part of ANS enteric nervous system - parasympathetic

Question 34

parasympathetic vs sympathetic

Answer 34

both ANS

p- tranquil functions; acetylcholine

s- prep for action; catecholamines