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MSK (nlg) > bioenergetics > Flashcards

bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

what is blocked blood flow called?

A

ischemia

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2
Q

tissue death

A

infarction

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3
Q

after prolonged ischemia, why does heart tissue experience necrosis?

A

decreased ATP level due to oxygen deprivation

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4
Q

products of combustion

A

carbon dioxide and water

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5
Q

what does combustion of macronutrients produce?

A

ATP

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6
Q

macronutrients are oxidized to produce….

A

ATP, CO2, and heat

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7
Q

catabolism vs anabolism

A
  • -Catabolism - energy yielding; macronutrients are combusted/oxidized by NAD+/FAD (NAD/FAD are reduced to NADH/FADH2)
  • -Anabolism - energy requiring; biosynthesis and work, ATP is reduced to ADP/Pi
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8
Q

what process converts reduced form of e carriers back to their oxidized form via Oxygen –> water

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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9
Q

in oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen is _____ and ADP/NADH are _____

A

oxygen is reduced to water

e carriers are oxidized

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10
Q

ATP stores energy in its…

A

high energy phosphate bonds (unstable)

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11
Q

how is energy released from high energy phosphate bonds in ATP?

A

hydrolysis of gamma phosphate (the third P group)

this is favorable since both the products are negatively charged (Pi and ADP) and resonance is increased

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12
Q

most reactive derivatives?

A

thioester and anhydrides

because they are less stable

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13
Q

what is powering rxn 1 of glycolysis (glucose to g6p)?

A

energy conserved in the phosphoryl group; NOT the hydrolysis of ATP
G60 formation is unfavorable BUT energy conserved by the phosphoryl transfer from ATP makes it favorable
–> delta G of glucose to g6p is +.3 (unfavorable)
–> delta G of ATP to ADP is -7.3
SO combined rxn is overall favorable (-4 kcal/mol) `

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14
Q

what delta G value is considered high energy?

A

any value more negative than -6 kcal/mol

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15
Q

intrinsic amount of energy in a system that is available to do useful work

A

gibbs free energy

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16
Q

change in free energy that takes place during a rxn

A

delta G

17
Q

nonspontaneous delta G

A

+deltaG

18
Q

spontaneous delta G

A

negative value

19
Q

amount of energy produced/consumed by rxn depends on two things:

A

starting conditions

equilibrium conditions

20
Q

when you plug in standards to an equation…

A

starting conditions are knocked out and you are left with eq conditions

21
Q

standard state

–[], pressure, and temp

A

1M, 1atm, 25 degrees C

22
Q

what does prime (‘) indicate?

A

biochemical standard state is being used

23
Q

for every increase in power, you get additional _____ in standard delta G?

A

-1.36

24
Q

delta G standard ‘ =

A

= -1.36log(Keq)

= -RTln(Keq)

25
Q

to get rid of a log on one side of equation…

A

place each side as a power of 10

26
Q

oxidation

reduction

A

oxidation, e/H are lost

reduction, e/H are gained

27
Q

to determine oxidation state of a C:

A
  1. -1 for each H attached to C
  2. +1 for any single bond to O, N, S or halogen (+2 for double bond, +3 for triple bond)
  3. 0 for each bond to another C
28
Q

where to e put on NAD and FAD eventually end up?

A

H/e turn them into NADH and FADH2 and they reduce oxygen to water

29
Q

final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

A

oxygen

30
Q

hydrogen molecule, atom, and hydride ion

A

molecule is H2 (2 proton and 2 electron)
atom is one proton and one electron
hydride is H- (one proton with 2 e)
**H+ is NOT a source of reducing power

31
Q

hydride ion carrier?

A

NADH

32
Q

hydrogen atom carrier?

A

FADH2

33
Q

what does fad stand for?

A

flavin adenine dinucleotide

34
Q

nad stand for?

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

35
Q
  • reduction potential (E) means
A

the equation has a GOOD reducing agent

36
Q

atp per nadh

A

2.5 atp

37
Q

atp per fadh2

A

1.5 atp

MSK (nlg) (10 decks)

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