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Dermopathology Flashcards

1
Q

epidermal hyperplasia with darkening of skin (velvet)

often involves groin and axilla

A

acanthosis nigricans

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1
Q

treat cellulitis with …

A

dicloxacilin

or for severe, coxacilin

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1
Q
A

epidermal inclusion cyst

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2
Q

toxicodendron radicans

A

poison ivy contact dermatitis

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3
Q

dysplastic nevi syndrome

A

autosomal dominant disorder characterized by formation of dysplastic moles that may progress to melanoma

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4
Q

psoriasis treatment

A

corticosteroids UV light with psoralen

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4
Q

how to tell the difference bwteen histology of toxic epidermal necrolysis and scalded skin syndrome?

A

ten is at the dermal epidermal junction

sss is in the granulosum

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4
Q

what infectious disorder is due to HPV infection of keratinocytes

A

verruca (wart)

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5
Q

risk factors for squamous and basal cell carcinoma?

A

UVB induced dna damage

sunlight exposure

albinism

xeranthoma pigmentosa

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6
Q

pruritic polygonal, purple papules, often with reticular white lines(wickham striae)

oral, wrists, elbows

A

lichen planus

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6
Q

honey colored crusted or oozing erythematous macules and pustules

A

impetigo

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6
Q

what causes scalded skin syndrome?

A

staph aureus

exfoliative A and B toxins –>epidermolysis of stratum granulosum

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7
Q

adnexal

A

appendages of an organ

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7
Q

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes; most common skin cancer death

mole like growth with ABCDE

A

melanoma

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9
Q

what do you treat acne vulgaris with?

A

benzoyl peroxide vitamin a derivatives (isoretinoin)

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10
Q

why does erythema multiforme have a targetoid appearrance?

A

center is epidermal necrosis

surrounded by erythema

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11
Q

what defect causes albinism?

A

enzyme defect (usually tyrosinase) that impairs melanin production

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12
Q

what is the toxic form of steven johnsons syndrome?

A

toxic epidermal necrolysis

sloughing of skin resembling large burn, due to adverse drug reaction

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13
Q

what inflammatory dermatosis is usually on scalp and nails due to excess keratinocyte proliferation?

A

psoriasis

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13
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis

A

herpetiform (grouped) pruritic vesicles and bullae

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14
Q

hypersensitivity reaction characterized by targetoid rash and bullae

A

erythema multiforme

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15
Q

what type of disease is stevens johnson syndrome?

A

erythema multiforme with oral/lip mucosa affected

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15
Q
A

bullous pemphigoid

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17
Q

etiology of lichen planus?

A

associated with chronic hepatitis C virus

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19
atopic
predisposition
19
leser trelat sign
sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses suggests underlying GI carcinoma/cancer
20
junctional nevus vs compound nevus
nest of melanocytes at derm-epiderm junction (common in kids) extended into dermis junctional component can be lost leading to intradermal nevus (common in adults)
21
destruction of desmosomes between keratinocytes in epidermis
pemphigus vulgaris
22
autoimmune deposition of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae
dermatitis herpetiformis
23
keratin pseudocysts
sebaorrheic keratosis
24
small macule darkens when exposed to sunlight due to increased melanosomes
freckle (ephelis)
25
severe cellulitis can progress to...?
sepsis necrotizing fasciitis due to anaerobic flesh eating bacteria
27
type 1 hypersensitivity associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis
atopic dermatitis (eczema)
29
malignant proliferation of basal cells of epidermis presents as cratered nodule, "pearl", telangiecstasis(dilated vessels) metastasis is rare
basal cell carcinoma
29
erythema multiforme
30
malignant proliferation of squamous cells ulcerated nodular mass usually on face metastasis is uncommon
squamous cell carcinoma
32
benign squamous proliferation common in elderly waxy, stuck on appearrance
seborrheic keratosis
33
keratoacanthoma
squamous cell carcinoma that regresses cup shaped filled with keratin
34
flesh colored papules with rough surface hands and feet are common locations
verruca(wart)
35
firm pink umbilicated papules due to poxvirus
molluscum contagiosum
36
pathogenesis of sebhorrheic keratosis
FGFR3 fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 defect
38
when epidermis thins and dermal papillae are elongated --\> bleeding when scale is picked off
auspitz sign sign of psoriasis
40
abcde
signs of melanoma assymetry border irregular color not uniform diameter \>6 mm elevated
41
bullous pemphigoid
destruction of hemidesmosomes between basal cells andbasement membrane due to IgG antibody autoimmune
42
most important diagnostic factor in predicting metastasis of melanoma?
depth of extension
43
cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
molluscum contagiosum
45
inflammatory dermatosis associated with adolescents
acne vulgaris caused by p. acnes
46
elangated nuclei trapping collagen
dermal fibroblast
47
pemphigus vulgaris
type 2 hypersensitivity, IgG antibody against desmoglein epidermal blisters(bullae) in spinosa; separation of desmosomes
48
atopic dermatitis
eczema pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicles and edema face and flexor surfaces type 1 hypersensitivity associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis
49
what conditions is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
insulin resistance and GI malignancy
50
how to treat impetigo?
1 - topical muciprocin if that doesnt work, 2 - dicloxacilin
51
congenital lack of pigmentation eyes and/or skin
albinism
52
acral lentiginous
melanoma on plams or soles, not related to UV exposure dark skinned individuals
53
pemphigous vulgaris
54
what is cause of erythema multiforme?
HSV infection sulfonamide (sulfa) drugs mycoplasma infection
55
peripheral palisading along nodules of basal cells
basal cell carcinoma
56
precursor to melanoma?
dysplastic nevi
57
mask like hyperpigmentation of cheeks associated with pregnancy/oral contraceptives
melasma
58
What is a scaly hypekeratotic plaque that is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma?
actinic keratosis
59
contact dermatitis
pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicle and edema type 4 hypersensitivity, exposure/contact to allergens like -poison ivy (toxicodendron radicans) -nickel jewelry -detergents/drugs treat: topical glucocorticoids
61
loss of skin pigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
vitiligo
62
keratoacanthoma filled with keratin
63
nikolsky sign
thin walled bullae rupture easily indicating pemphigus vilgaris
64
deep (dermal and subcutaneous) infection due to staph aureus or strep pyogenes red swollen rash with fever
cellulitis
65
salmon colored plaques with silvery scale
psoriasis
65
keratin pearls
squamous cell carcinoma
67
sloughing skin with erythematous rash due to staph aureus
scalded skin syndrome
68
histology: tombstone basal layer immunofluorescence shows IgG fishnet
pemphigus vulgaris
69
blistering dermatosis associated with celiac disease and fixed withgluten-free diet
dermatitis herpetiformis
70
histology shows sawtooth appearance of dermal-epidermal junction with neutrophils
lichen planus
71
which blistering dermatosis is oral and which is non oral?
pemphigous vulgaris - skin and oral bullous pemphigoid - skin only
73
acne vulgaris
comedones (white/black heads), pustules (pimples) common in adolescents chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles -propionibacterium acnes infection produces lipases than break down sebum --\> proinflammatory fatty acids -hormone associated increase in sebum; excess keratin blocks follicles treat: benzoyl peroxide (antimicrobial) or vitamin A derivatives (isoretinoin) reduces keratin production
74
type 4 hypersensitivity, exposure/contact to allergens like -poison ivy (toxicodendron radicans) -nickel jewelry -detergents/drugs
contact dermatitis
75
benign neoplasm of melanocytes flat macule or raised papule, symmetrical, sharp borders, even color, small, well circumscribed
nevus (mole)
76
superficial epidermal bacterial skin infection most often to to staph aureus or strep pyogenes
impetigo
77
linear immunofluorescence basal cell layer is detached from membrane
bullous pemphigoid
78
psoriasis
79
what is etiology for psoriasis?
autoimmune or trauma associated with HLA-C
80
senile lentigines
age spot sun exposed, older individuals flat, irregular borders, no significance, dont change in response to sun increased melanocytes
81
nevus vs melanoma
maturation pattern
82
cdnk2 gene mutation abnormal p16/INK4A
dysplastic nevus
83
BRAF mutation
malignant melanoma
84
why is xeroderma pigmentosum a risk for squamous cell carcinoma?
defect in nucleotide excision and repair (NER) genes so pyrimidine dimers formed by UV light lead to risk
85
uticaria
type 1 hypersensitivity rxn igE allergic reaction hives
86
air in tissues in xray indicates
necrotizing fasciitis

MSK (nlg) (10 decks)

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