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MSK (nlg) > Dermopathology > Flashcards

Dermopathology Flashcards

1
Q

epidermal hyperplasia with darkening of skin (velvet)

often involves groin and axilla

A

acanthosis nigricans

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1
Q

treat cellulitis with …

A

dicloxacilin

or for severe, coxacilin

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1
Q
A

epidermal inclusion cyst

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2
Q

toxicodendron radicans

A

poison ivy contact dermatitis

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3
Q

dysplastic nevi syndrome

A

autosomal dominant disorder characterized by formation of dysplastic moles that may progress to melanoma

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4
Q

psoriasis treatment

A

corticosteroids UV light with psoralen

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4
Q

how to tell the difference bwteen histology of toxic epidermal necrolysis and scalded skin syndrome?

A

ten is at the dermal epidermal junction

sss is in the granulosum

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4
Q

what infectious disorder is due to HPV infection of keratinocytes

A

verruca (wart)

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5
Q

risk factors for squamous and basal cell carcinoma?

A

UVB induced dna damage

sunlight exposure

albinism

xeranthoma pigmentosa

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6
Q

pruritic polygonal, purple papules, often with reticular white lines(wickham striae)

oral, wrists, elbows

A

lichen planus

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6
Q

honey colored crusted or oozing erythematous macules and pustules

A

impetigo

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6
Q

what causes scalded skin syndrome?

A

staph aureus

exfoliative A and B toxins –>epidermolysis of stratum granulosum

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7
Q

adnexal

A

appendages of an organ

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7
Q

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes; most common skin cancer death

mole like growth with ABCDE

A

melanoma

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9
Q

what do you treat acne vulgaris with?

A

benzoyl peroxide vitamin a derivatives (isoretinoin)

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10
Q

why does erythema multiforme have a targetoid appearrance?

A

center is epidermal necrosis

surrounded by erythema

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11
Q

what defect causes albinism?

A

enzyme defect (usually tyrosinase) that impairs melanin production

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12
Q

what is the toxic form of steven johnsons syndrome?

A

toxic epidermal necrolysis

sloughing of skin resembling large burn, due to adverse drug reaction

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13
Q

what inflammatory dermatosis is usually on scalp and nails due to excess keratinocyte proliferation?

A

psoriasis

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13
Q

dermatitis herpetiformis

A

herpetiform (grouped) pruritic vesicles and bullae

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14
Q

hypersensitivity reaction characterized by targetoid rash and bullae

A

erythema multiforme

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15
Q

what type of disease is stevens johnson syndrome?

A

erythema multiforme with oral/lip mucosa affected

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15
Q
A

bullous pemphigoid

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17
Q

etiology of lichen planus?

A

associated with chronic hepatitis C virus

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19
Q

atopic

A

predisposition

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19
Q

leser trelat sign

A

sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses

suggests underlying GI carcinoma/cancer

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20
Q

junctional nevus vs compound nevus

A

nest of melanocytes at derm-epiderm junction (common in kids)

extended into dermis

junctional component can be lost leading to intradermal nevus (common in adults)

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21
Q

destruction of desmosomes between keratinocytes in epidermis

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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22
Q

autoimmune deposition of IgA at the tips of dermal papillae

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

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23
Q

keratin pseudocysts

A

sebaorrheic keratosis

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24
Q

small macule

darkens when exposed to sunlight due to increased melanosomes

A

freckle (ephelis)

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25
Q

severe cellulitis can progress to…?

A

sepsis

necrotizing fasciitis due to anaerobic flesh eating bacteria

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27
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis

A

atopic dermatitis (eczema)

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29
Q

malignant proliferation of basal cells of epidermis

presents as cratered nodule, “pearl”, telangiecstasis(dilated vessels)

metastasis is rare

A

basal cell carcinoma

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29
Q
A

erythema multiforme

30
Q

malignant proliferation of squamous cells

ulcerated nodular mass usually on face

metastasis is uncommon

A

squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

benign squamous proliferation

common in elderly

waxy, stuck on appearrance

A

seborrheic keratosis

33
Q

keratoacanthoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma that regresses

cup shaped filled with keratin

34
Q

flesh colored papules with rough surface

hands and feet are common locations

A

verruca(wart)

35
Q

firm pink umbilicated papules due to poxvirus

A

molluscum contagiosum

36
Q

pathogenesis of sebhorrheic keratosis

A

FGFR3

fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 defect

38
Q

when epidermis thins and dermal papillae are elongated –> bleeding when scale is picked off

A

auspitz sign

sign of psoriasis

40
Q

abcde

A

signs of melanoma

assymetry

border irregular

color not uniform

diameter >6 mm

elevated

41
Q

bullous pemphigoid

A

destruction of hemidesmosomes between basal cells andbasement membrane due to IgG antibody

autoimmune

42
Q

most important diagnostic factor in predicting metastasis of melanoma?

A

depth of extension

43
Q

cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

A

molluscum contagiosum

45
Q

inflammatory dermatosis associated with adolescents

A

acne vulgaris caused by p. acnes

46
Q

elangated nuclei trapping collagen

A

dermal fibroblast

47
Q

pemphigus vulgaris

A

type 2 hypersensitivity, IgG antibody against desmoglein

epidermal blisters(bullae) in spinosa; separation of desmosomes

48
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

eczema pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicles and edema face and flexor surfaces type 1 hypersensitivity associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis

49
Q

what conditions is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

insulin resistance and GI malignancy

50
Q

how to treat impetigo?

A

1 - topical muciprocin

if that doesnt work, 2 - dicloxacilin

51
Q

congenital lack of pigmentation

eyes and/or skin

A

albinism

52
Q

acral lentiginous

A

melanoma on plams or soles, not related to UV exposure

dark skinned individuals

53
Q
A

pemphigous vulgaris

54
Q

what is cause of erythema multiforme?

A

HSV infection

sulfonamide (sulfa) drugs

mycoplasma infection

55
Q

peripheral palisading along nodules of basal cells

A

basal cell carcinoma

56
Q

precursor to melanoma?

A

dysplastic nevi

57
Q

mask like hyperpigmentation of cheeks

associated with pregnancy/oral contraceptives

A

melasma

58
Q

What is a scaly hypekeratotic plaque that is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma?

A

actinic keratosis

59
Q

contact dermatitis

A

pruritic, erythematous, oozing rash with vesicle and edema type 4 hypersensitivity, exposure/contact to allergens like -poison ivy (toxicodendron radicans) -nickel jewelry -detergents/drugs treat: topical glucocorticoids

61
Q

loss of skin pigmentation due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

A

vitiligo

62
Q
A

keratoacanthoma

filled with keratin

63
Q

nikolsky sign

A

thin walled bullae rupture easily indicating pemphigus vilgaris

64
Q

deep (dermal and subcutaneous) infection due to staph aureus or strep pyogenes

red swollen rash with fever

A

cellulitis

65
Q

salmon colored plaques with silvery scale

A

psoriasis

65
Q

keratin pearls

A

squamous cell carcinoma

67
Q

sloughing skin with erythematous rash

due to staph aureus

A

scalded skin syndrome

68
Q

histology: tombstone basal layer

immunofluorescence shows IgG fishnet

A

pemphigus vulgaris

69
Q

blistering dermatosis associated with celiac disease and fixed withgluten-free diet

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

70
Q

histology shows sawtooth appearance of dermal-epidermal junction with neutrophils

A

lichen planus

71
Q

which blistering dermatosis is oral and which is non oral?

A

pemphigous vulgaris - skin and oral

bullous pemphigoid - skin only

73
Q

acne vulgaris

A

comedones (white/black heads), pustules (pimples) common in adolescents chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles -propionibacterium acnes infection produces lipases than break down sebum –> proinflammatory fatty acids -hormone associated increase in sebum; excess keratin blocks follicles treat: benzoyl peroxide (antimicrobial) or vitamin A derivatives (isoretinoin) reduces keratin production

74
Q

type 4 hypersensitivity, exposure/contact to allergens like -poison ivy (toxicodendron radicans) -nickel jewelry -detergents/drugs

A

contact dermatitis

75
Q

benign neoplasm of melanocytes

flat macule or raised papule, symmetrical, sharp borders, even color, small, well circumscribed

A

nevus (mole)

76
Q

superficial epidermal bacterial skin infection most often to to staph aureus or strep pyogenes

A

impetigo

77
Q

linear immunofluorescence

basal cell layer is detached from membrane

A

bullous pemphigoid

78
Q
A

psoriasis

79
Q

what is etiology for psoriasis?

A

autoimmune or trauma associated with HLA-C

80
Q

senile lentigines

A

age spot

sun exposed, older individuals

flat, irregular borders, no significance, dont change in response to sun

increased melanocytes

81
Q

nevus vs melanoma

A

maturation pattern

82
Q

cdnk2 gene mutation

abnormal p16/INK4A

A

dysplastic nevus

83
Q

BRAF mutation

A

malignant melanoma

84
Q

why is xeroderma pigmentosum a risk for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

defect in nucleotide excision and repair (NER) genes so pyrimidine dimers formed by UV light lead to risk

85
Q

uticaria

A

type 1 hypersensitivity rxn

igE allergic reaction

hives

86
Q

air in tissues in xray indicates

A

necrotizing fasciitis

MSK (nlg) (10 decks)

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