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HISTO BLOCK 2 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic function of the cns

A

to collect information from the outside and coordinate it

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2
Q

what tries to coordniate new information with information from the past

A

CNS

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3
Q

how does the motor pathway carry information

A

from motor to periphery

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4
Q

how does the sensory pathway work

A

it carries information from periphery to the CNS

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5
Q

what are the three supporting cells of a neruon

A
  • glial cell (CNS)
  • shcwann cell (PNS)
  • satellite cells (PNS)
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6
Q

what cells produce myelin sheath

A
  • schwann

- oligodendrocyte

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7
Q

what are the central process of a neruon

A

axon

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8
Q

what are the peripheral process of neuorn

A

dendrites

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9
Q

why is it that after a stroke a patient will complain of not having as much energy as they did before?

A

because neurons dont regenerate, once they are damages, they are damaged

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10
Q

what is another name for the cell body

A

perikaryon

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11
Q

where are nissl bodies located

A

in the cell body and the dendrites

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12
Q

what helps you distinguish from axon and cell body

A

the presence of nissl bodies

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13
Q

what carries information towards the cell and away from the cell

A

towards- dendrites

away- axon

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14
Q

dendrite have a greater what then axon

A

diameter

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15
Q

what part of the neuron produces atp and has mitochondria

A

axon

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16
Q

what is the membrane of the axon called

A

axolemma

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17
Q

what is inside the membrane of the axolemma

A

axoplasam

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18
Q

what makes up 99% of the neurons

A

inter neurons

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19
Q

multipolar

A

1 axon and two or more dendrites

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20
Q

bipolar

A

1 axon and 1 dendrite

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21
Q

unipolar

A

1 axon divides close to the cell body

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22
Q

what goes from cell body to the periphery using kinesin

A

anterograde

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23
Q

what goes from periphery to the cell body

A

retrograde

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24
Q

terminal portion of the axon is called what

A

bulb or BOUTON

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25
Q

what does axoaxonic mean

A

when axons come together and synapse

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26
Q

two kinds of synapse what are they

A

electrical and chemical

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27
Q

electrical synapses are in what part of the body

A

the smooth muscle and the cardiac muscle

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28
Q

chemical synapse happens where

A

skeletal muscle

29
Q

what is the neurological disorder that results in the loss of dopamine secreating cells in the substansia nigra

A

parkinsons disease

30
Q

who is affected more when it comes to parkinson’s disease

A

men

31
Q

what is the 2nd most common neurogenerative disease next to alzheimers

A

parkinson’s disease

32
Q

guillian barre syndrom

A

patient will complain of burning and there is a relaxed reflex of the muscle

33
Q

what disease results from damage to the myelin sheath and the destruction of oligodendrocyte

A

mutliple sclerosis

34
Q

what are the two supporting cells in the PNS

A

-schwann cells and satellite cells

35
Q

what are the supporting cells int he CNS

A

ependymal cells and neuroglial cells

36
Q

what are the three kinds of neuroglial cells in the CNS

A
  • astrcytes
  • oligodendrocytes
  • microglia
37
Q

which two supporting cells are responsible for myelination

A

schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

38
Q

the sheath of schwann is also called what

A

neurolemma

39
Q

what are present in the cytoplasm of schwan cells

A

-nucleus

40
Q

the inner collar of schwan cytoplasm is where

A

between the axon and the myelin

41
Q

what are schmidt- lantermann clefts

A

small islands of cytoplasm within lamellae of myelin

42
Q

where is the perinodal cytoplasm

A

at the node of ranvier

43
Q

the outler layer of perinuclear cytoplasm is where

A

around the myelin

44
Q

what moves faster, myleinated axons or unmyelinated axons?

A

myleinated

45
Q

saltatory conduction?

A

“jumping” from one node to another

this is when the action potential is jumping from one node of ranver to another

46
Q

what are two demyelinating diseases?

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Multiple Sclerosis

47
Q

what is known as the common life threatening disease of the PNS and is associated with the loss of muscle co-ordination and cutaneous sensation

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

48
Q

what disease is marked by the damage of myelin (it detaches from the axon) Oligodendrocytes are destroyed

affects the brain and the spinal cord

A

MS

49
Q

what surround PNS cell bodies

A

satellite cells

50
Q

what forms the complete cuboidal layer around a cell body, only the nuclei are visible

A

satellite cells

51
Q

where do satellite cells originate from

A

nerual crest cells

52
Q

where do schwann cells originate from

A

neural crest cells

53
Q

satellite cells produce what to the cell body

A

insulation

nutrition

54
Q

what are neuroglia called in the CNS

A

Glial cells

55
Q

most brain tumors originate from where

A

glial cells

56
Q

what cells provide physical and metabolic support for the CNS neurons

A

Astrocytes

57
Q

what are the phagocytic cells of CNS

A

microglia

58
Q

which neuralgia cells are attached to blood vessels

A

astrocytes

59
Q

which are the largest of the glial cells

A

astrocytes

60
Q

what are the two different kinds of astrocytes seen

A

protoplasmic and fibrous

61
Q

which astrocytes are prevalent in the grey matter and have numerous dendrites

A

protoplasmic astrocytes

62
Q

which astrocytes are more common in white matter

A

fibrous astrocytes

63
Q

what may regulate tight junction of the BBB

A

astrocytes

64
Q

when the CNS is damaged what produces scar tissue

A

astrocytes

65
Q

what is the tight barrier that allows for tight control over the passage of substances from blood into the CNS tissue, ther fore protecting the neuronal microenvironment

A

BBB

66
Q

what helps to protect cells from potential toxins and infectious agents

A

BBB

67
Q

what are aligned in rows between axons and have concentric layers of oligocyte plasma membrane?

A

oligodendroctyes

68
Q

how many tounge like process that wrap around an axon do oligodendrocytes have

A

2 or 3

69
Q

the same oligodendrocyte can form myelin sheaths for how many axons?

A

3-50

HISTO BLOCK 2 (6 decks)

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